Peter Attia

But before we talk about application, I want to kind of orient people to the journey you've been on.

I was once on that journey with you being a regular consumer of all sorts of these things.

I will say lately, when I mean lately, I mean only in the past three months, I recently tried a product that I like.

I put it in my coffee in the morning and I believe it is a diester of 1,3-butanediol.

So it doesn't come with sort of the liver toxicity that I think we should talk about with respect to 1,3-butanediol, which unfortunately seems to be running rampant right now.

But it's a white powder, and what blows my mind about it is when you mix it in water and drink it, it's palatable.

It's not delicious.

You wouldn't go out of your way to drink it.

But it is not horrible the way that most of these synthetic ketones used to taste.

So you can just make a shot glass of it, and it's totally reasonable.

Alternatively, it's the creamer in my coffee, and it's fantastic.

But let's go way back to the beginning.

Circa 2011...

you had basically only two products you could consume.

You had a beta-hydroxybutyrate monoester.

Actually, there were more than that.

There was a ketone salt, which we should talk about, and you had an acetoacetate diester.

Is that correct?

So just explain to people, I mean, unfortunately we have to get into a little biochemistry here for you to explain the difference between esters and salts.

And so to everybody listening, apologies, but if you want to understand these things and you have to, if you want to be a consumer of them, because everybody is talking about these things as though they're the same and they're categorically not the same.