Peter Singer

And they get foot deformities and foot pain from standing on concrete and metal. They don't have any straw to bed down into, which would make them more comfortable because that's another imposed cost to provide the straw and to clean it out. So everything is done just for the cost efficiency of the operation and nothing for the wellbeing of the animals.

And they get foot deformities and foot pain from standing on concrete and metal. They don't have any straw to bed down into, which would make them more comfortable because that's another imposed cost to provide the straw and to clean it out. So everything is done just for the cost efficiency of the operation and nothing for the wellbeing of the animals.

And then with pigs, the worst thing that happens is that the sows are often kept in narrow stalls, so narrow that they can't turn around. So these are the mother pigs who produce the pigs that then get sent to market. And their role is just to produce litter after litter after litter. They're pregnant most of their lives.

And then with pigs, the worst thing that happens is that the sows are often kept in narrow stalls, so narrow that they can't turn around. So these are the mother pigs who produce the pigs that then get sent to market. And their role is just to produce litter after litter after litter. They're pregnant most of their lives.

And when they're pregnant, they're in these stalls where they cannot even turn around, let alone really walk around. So that's a really miserable situation for a lively, intelligent animal who would normally be foraging in the forest and still has those instincts, but has no ability to do it.

And when they're pregnant, they're in these stalls where they cannot even turn around, let alone really walk around. So that's a really miserable situation for a lively, intelligent animal who would normally be foraging in the forest and still has those instincts, but has no ability to do it.

Well, if we're talking about cows kept for milk, they are also now increasingly concentrated. We have the image of the cows grazing in the fields, able to walk around in a herd that is natural to their kind. But the intensive dairies are nothing like that. A lot of people realized this a year or so ago when there was a fire that destroyed a Texas dairy and 18,000 cows died in that fire.

Well, if we're talking about cows kept for milk, they are also now increasingly concentrated. We have the image of the cows grazing in the fields, able to walk around in a herd that is natural to their kind. But the intensive dairies are nothing like that. A lot of people realized this a year or so ago when there was a fire that destroyed a Texas dairy and 18,000 cows died in that fire.

Now, these 18,000 cows were not caught in the fields. They were in a building or in several buildings, very concentrated together. Often they're tied up so they can't walk around. And again, that's for the convenience of the workers and puts the manure in the same spot, and then they're just fed there. So they're often just standing or sitting down all day. That's all they can do.

Now, these 18,000 cows were not caught in the fields. They were in a building or in several buildings, very concentrated together. Often they're tied up so they can't walk around. And again, that's for the convenience of the workers and puts the manure in the same spot, and then they're just fed there. So they're often just standing or sitting down all day. That's all they can do.

And they can't socialize with other animals in the way that they would if they were part of a herd. The other fact I should mention about dairy cows, of course, is that you have to make them pregnant to keep the milk flying. So, you know, as with other mammals, including humans, the females don't just produce milk without having a baby.

And they can't socialize with other animals in the way that they would if they were part of a herd. The other fact I should mention about dairy cows, of course, is that you have to make them pregnant to keep the milk flying. So, you know, as with other mammals, including humans, the females don't just produce milk without having a baby.

But if you want the milk to sell, then the standard practice is to take the calf away within the first hours of birth, which causes real distress to the cow and, of course, to the calf as well.

But if you want the milk to sell, then the standard practice is to take the calf away within the first hours of birth, which causes real distress to the cow and, of course, to the calf as well.

I think the only thing one can say about farmed fish is that there isn't as much research about what the fish go through. But we do know that fish can feel pain. That's been established beyond doubt by research by a couple of women scientists in the last decade or two, Victoria Braithwaite and Lynn Sneddon. So, you know, especially when we have carnivorous fish like salmon,

I think the only thing one can say about farmed fish is that there isn't as much research about what the fish go through. But we do know that fish can feel pain. That's been established beyond doubt by research by a couple of women scientists in the last decade or two, Victoria Braithwaite and Lynn Sneddon. So, you know, especially when we have carnivorous fish like salmon,

They are used to swimming long distances in the ocean, but of course they're confined in nets where they just go round and round in endless circles. To feed them, to keep a salmon and raise a salmon to its market weight, may take as many as 140 fish, one study showed.

They are used to swimming long distances in the ocean, but of course they're confined in nets where they just go round and round in endless circles. To feed them, to keep a salmon and raise a salmon to its market weight, may take as many as 140 fish, one study showed.

There's fish that are often caught in the oceans, cheap fish that don't have high value in themselves, but they're caught and then they're ground up and made into fish pellets and the pellets are fed to the salmon. So it's actually, if you're eating farmed salmon, you're not just responsible for the death of your salmon, you're responsible for the death of maybe 140 other fish too.

There's fish that are often caught in the oceans, cheap fish that don't have high value in themselves, but they're caught and then they're ground up and made into fish pellets and the pellets are fed to the salmon. So it's actually, if you're eating farmed salmon, you're not just responsible for the death of your salmon, you're responsible for the death of maybe 140 other fish too.