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Before we get to today's show, I wanted to tell you about a podcast I think you'll really enjoy. It's called Gastropod. It's about the science and history of food. But really, it's about all the things you never knew about what you eat every day. Like the forgotten history of peppermint and why it makes your mouth feel cold. Or whether New York City bagels really are better because of the water.

Before we get to today's show, I wanted to tell you about a podcast I think you'll really enjoy. It's called Gastropod. It's about the science and history of food. But really, it's about all the things you never knew about what you eat every day. Like the forgotten history of peppermint and why it makes your mouth feel cold. Or whether New York City bagels really are better because of the water.

or why American mangoes taste so bad, and what that has to do with George W. Bush. Subscribe to Gastropod wherever you get your podcasts.

or why American mangoes taste so bad, and what that has to do with George W. Bush. Subscribe to Gastropod wherever you get your podcasts.

The people working in the rice fields on that day in 1863 were enslaved. They were working on one of several rice plantations on the Cumbee River in South Carolina. One of the men working in the field, Minus Hamilton, later described that morning.

The people working in the rice fields on that day in 1863 were enslaved. They were working on one of several rice plantations on the Cumbee River in South Carolina. One of the men working in the field, Minus Hamilton, later described that morning.

Etta L. Fields Black is a historian and professor at Carnegie Mellon University. Minus Hamilton lived with his wife, Hager, and some of their adult children were enslaved on the same plantation. In 1863, Minus Hamilton told someone that he was 88 years old.

Etta L. Fields Black is a historian and professor at Carnegie Mellon University. Minus Hamilton lived with his wife, Hager, and some of their adult children were enslaved on the same plantation. In 1863, Minus Hamilton told someone that he was 88 years old.

He had grown up on another plantation in the area, and came to this plantation with his wife and two adult children after they were sold. It was about a year before the start of the Civil War. Minus Hamilton had been working on this plantation for a few years, and on that June morning, nothing seemed out of the ordinary.

He had grown up on another plantation in the area, and came to this plantation with his wife and two adult children after they were sold. It was about a year before the start of the Civil War. Minus Hamilton had been working on this plantation for a few years, and on that June morning, nothing seemed out of the ordinary.

But then they heard a boat approaching on the water. The night before, right after sunset, three boats had left the wharf of nearby Beaufort, South Carolina. They were headed for the Cumbee River. It was high tide, so it was less likely for the three Union Army ships to run aground. But to get to the Cumbee River, they had to first sail through another river, the Coosaw River. This was risky.

But then they heard a boat approaching on the water. The night before, right after sunset, three boats had left the wharf of nearby Beaufort, South Carolina. They were headed for the Cumbee River. It was high tide, so it was less likely for the three Union Army ships to run aground. But to get to the Cumbee River, they had to first sail through another river, the Coosaw River. This was risky.

But there were men aboard the boats who knew these rivers well. Some of them were formerly enslaved men who had grown up in the area and had freed themselves. and they'd been recruited by a Union spy to help the Army navigate. Her name was Harriet Tubman. She was on one of the boats going up the river. The boats only had six hours before the low tide would make it very difficult to sail back.

But there were men aboard the boats who knew these rivers well. Some of them were formerly enslaved men who had grown up in the area and had freed themselves. and they'd been recruited by a Union spy to help the Army navigate. Her name was Harriet Tubman. She was on one of the boats going up the river. The boats only had six hours before the low tide would make it very difficult to sail back.

When the people on the rice field saw the first boat, Minus Hamilton said that the plantation overseer started shouting at them.

When the people on the rice field saw the first boat, Minus Hamilton said that the plantation overseer started shouting at them.