Professor Caroline Winterer

Interestingly, it's the trilobites that are discovered first, even though we know they're last because they're exposed at the top of the Appalachians. They're not discovered in the order of chronology. In some senses, depending on where you dig, different layers are exposed. The trilobites come to attention actually around 1815, 1820. And they haven't found any dinosaurs yet.

Interestingly, it's the trilobites that are discovered first, even though we know they're last because they're exposed at the top of the Appalachians. They're not discovered in the order of chronology. In some senses, depending on where you dig, different layers are exposed. The trilobites come to attention actually around 1815, 1820. And they haven't found any dinosaurs yet.

Interestingly, it's the trilobites that are discovered first, even though we know they're last because they're exposed at the top of the Appalachians. They're not discovered in the order of chronology. In some senses, depending on where you dig, different layers are exposed. The trilobites come to attention actually around 1815, 1820. And they haven't found any dinosaurs yet.

It's not until quite a bit, you know, quite a bit, 1830s, 1840s, that they begin to uncover the first dinosaur. So everything is all sort of mixed up. And the neat and tidy geological column that they eventually create was not in place until a little bit later. Everything is a bit of a jumble. But to go back to the dinosaurs for a second,

It's not until quite a bit, you know, quite a bit, 1830s, 1840s, that they begin to uncover the first dinosaur. So everything is all sort of mixed up. And the neat and tidy geological column that they eventually create was not in place until a little bit later. Everything is a bit of a jumble. But to go back to the dinosaurs for a second,

It's not until quite a bit, you know, quite a bit, 1830s, 1840s, that they begin to uncover the first dinosaur. So everything is all sort of mixed up. And the neat and tidy geological column that they eventually create was not in place until a little bit later. Everything is a bit of a jumble. But to go back to the dinosaurs for a second,

It's not obvious either, when we think of Jurassic America, it's not immediately obvious that this had to be a bloodthirsty land of gore and rapine, right? These creatures had teeth, but we have teeth and we're not gnashing our way through forests, you and I, normally. And so it was very much a product of the Victorian mindset that they imposed on an ancient time period

It's not obvious either, when we think of Jurassic America, it's not immediately obvious that this had to be a bloodthirsty land of gore and rapine, right? These creatures had teeth, but we have teeth and we're not gnashing our way through forests, you and I, normally. And so it was very much a product of the Victorian mindset that they imposed on an ancient time period

It's not obvious either, when we think of Jurassic America, it's not immediately obvious that this had to be a bloodthirsty land of gore and rapine, right? These creatures had teeth, but we have teeth and we're not gnashing our way through forests, you and I, normally. And so it was very much a product of the Victorian mindset that they imposed on an ancient time period

the capitalist values of their own day. This is the era of the robber barons and unfettered capitalism with no safety net and no unions, but they wanted to think of themselves as civilized human beings. And so they thought that any ancient time period must have been a lawless era of blood and gore. And the first paintings of T-Rex were very gore-filled.

the capitalist values of their own day. This is the era of the robber barons and unfettered capitalism with no safety net and no unions, but they wanted to think of themselves as civilized human beings. And so they thought that any ancient time period must have been a lawless era of blood and gore. And the first paintings of T-Rex were very gore-filled.

the capitalist values of their own day. This is the era of the robber barons and unfettered capitalism with no safety net and no unions, but they wanted to think of themselves as civilized human beings. And so they thought that any ancient time period must have been a lawless era of blood and gore. And the first paintings of T-Rex were very gore-filled.

And so that's what they impose on the Jurassic. And that's what we carry around with us today. We don't remember, we don't think about the gentle parts of the Jurassic. There were gentle little creatures in the Jurassic, but that wouldn't be any fun for us. So we populate it with these big, scary and fun dinosaurs. You know, don't give me a small, boring vegetarian dinosaur.

And so that's what they impose on the Jurassic. And that's what we carry around with us today. We don't remember, we don't think about the gentle parts of the Jurassic. There were gentle little creatures in the Jurassic, but that wouldn't be any fun for us. So we populate it with these big, scary and fun dinosaurs. You know, don't give me a small, boring vegetarian dinosaur.

And so that's what they impose on the Jurassic. And that's what we carry around with us today. We don't remember, we don't think about the gentle parts of the Jurassic. There were gentle little creatures in the Jurassic, but that wouldn't be any fun for us. So we populate it with these big, scary and fun dinosaurs. You know, don't give me a small, boring vegetarian dinosaur.

I want a big, bloodthirsty one. It is because we have inherited the Victorian dinosaurs of 150 years ago. So that's worth remembering.

I want a big, bloodthirsty one. It is because we have inherited the Victorian dinosaurs of 150 years ago. So that's worth remembering.

I want a big, bloodthirsty one. It is because we have inherited the Victorian dinosaurs of 150 years ago. So that's worth remembering.

Yeah. Well, Europeans came around, some of them, to the idea that North America and then South America had a legitimate place on the international stage of science, that they were producing scientists and they were producing interesting scientific finds. So it's a really kind of

Yeah. Well, Europeans came around, some of them, to the idea that North America and then South America had a legitimate place on the international stage of science, that they were producing scientists and they were producing interesting scientific finds. So it's a really kind of