Professor Chris Stringer

So whereas the sapiens were tolerant of Neanderthal interbreeding, maybe the Neanderthals were not tolerant of sapiens coming into their group and interbreeding with them. That's possible, but it's also possible there were incompatibilities, and these could have been genetic incompatibilities.

So whereas the sapiens were tolerant of Neanderthal interbreeding, maybe the Neanderthals were not tolerant of sapiens coming into their group and interbreeding with them. That's possible, but it's also possible there were incompatibilities, and these could have been genetic incompatibilities.

So whereas the sapiens were tolerant of Neanderthal interbreeding, maybe the Neanderthals were not tolerant of sapiens coming into their group and interbreeding with them. That's possible, but it's also possible there were incompatibilities, and these could have been genetic incompatibilities.

There's some recent work that suggests that Neanderthals had some distinct blood groups from Homo sapiens, including in the Rhesus system. So possibly there were some genetic incompatibilities when a Neanderthal mother in her own group was trying to give birth to a hybrid baby. Maybe those births were less successful. there also could be physical reasons.

There's some recent work that suggests that Neanderthals had some distinct blood groups from Homo sapiens, including in the Rhesus system. So possibly there were some genetic incompatibilities when a Neanderthal mother in her own group was trying to give birth to a hybrid baby. Maybe those births were less successful. there also could be physical reasons.

There's some recent work that suggests that Neanderthals had some distinct blood groups from Homo sapiens, including in the Rhesus system. So possibly there were some genetic incompatibilities when a Neanderthal mother in her own group was trying to give birth to a hybrid baby. Maybe those births were less successful. there also could be physical reasons.

The pelvic shape is different between Neanderthal females and Homo sapiens females, and the Neanderthal head shape of a baby is slightly different to a sapiens baby's head shape. So possibly the birth process was more complicated for a Neanderthal mother to give birth to a hybrid baby than from a Homo sapiens mother to give birth to a hybrid baby. So that also could have been part of the process.

The pelvic shape is different between Neanderthal females and Homo sapiens females, and the Neanderthal head shape of a baby is slightly different to a sapiens baby's head shape. So possibly the birth process was more complicated for a Neanderthal mother to give birth to a hybrid baby than from a Homo sapiens mother to give birth to a hybrid baby. So that also could have been part of the process.

The pelvic shape is different between Neanderthal females and Homo sapiens females, and the Neanderthal head shape of a baby is slightly different to a sapiens baby's head shape. So possibly the birth process was more complicated for a Neanderthal mother to give birth to a hybrid baby than from a Homo sapiens mother to give birth to a hybrid baby. So that also could have been part of the process.

But ultimately, largely its movement of DNA in one direction into Homo sapiens. And that's also bad news for the Neanderthals, because I mentioned that they're low in numbers and they're also losing their prime age individuals we don't know if it's male or female or both, into the sapiens groups.

But ultimately, largely its movement of DNA in one direction into Homo sapiens. And that's also bad news for the Neanderthals, because I mentioned that they're low in numbers and they're also losing their prime age individuals we don't know if it's male or female or both, into the sapiens groups.

But ultimately, largely its movement of DNA in one direction into Homo sapiens. And that's also bad news for the Neanderthals, because I mentioned that they're low in numbers and they're also losing their prime age individuals we don't know if it's male or female or both, into the sapiens groups.

So they're losing primate breeding individuals into the Homo sapiens groups and that depletes their own gene pool.

So they're losing primate breeding individuals into the Homo sapiens groups and that depletes their own gene pool.

So they're losing primate breeding individuals into the Homo sapiens groups and that depletes their own gene pool.

Yeah, that's right. They're losing people and they can't replace them.

Yeah, that's right. They're losing people and they can't replace them.

Yeah, that's right. They're losing people and they can't replace them.

Yeah, I think it's impossible to say how much of it was purely down to us, but I think it's a combination of things. There also was climate change going on, and there were some severe cold shocks in this period between 40,000 and 50,000, which actually impacted both groups.

Yeah, I think it's impossible to say how much of it was purely down to us, but I think it's a combination of things. There also was climate change going on, and there were some severe cold shocks in this period between 40,000 and 50,000, which actually impacted both groups.