Professor Edith Hall

He'd fled, was brought up alongside Achilles. So they're brought up as brothers, but because they're not actually brothers by blood, a very, very intense relationship. forms between them. In other ancient Greek sources, it's unashamedly homoerotic. Homer doesn't have homoerotic relationships in the Iliad.

It's just not the cognitive contract with the audience, but certainly the most intense emotional bond in the poem is between Achilles and Patroclus. And very interestingly, a psychoanalyst called Jonathan Shea wrote a very famous book called Achilles in Vietnam in the 1990s. He worked with a lot of veterans.

It's just not the cognitive contract with the audience, but certainly the most intense emotional bond in the poem is between Achilles and Patroclus. And very interestingly, a psychoanalyst called Jonathan Shea wrote a very famous book called Achilles in Vietnam in the 1990s. He worked with a lot of veterans.

It's just not the cognitive contract with the audience, but certainly the most intense emotional bond in the poem is between Achilles and Patroclus. And very interestingly, a psychoanalyst called Jonathan Shea wrote a very famous book called Achilles in Vietnam in the 1990s. He worked with a lot of veterans.

And that sort of intense bond happened in Vietnam between squaddies, American Marines and so on who were out there, especially where there was an unpopular commander.

And that sort of intense bond happened in Vietnam between squaddies, American Marines and so on who were out there, especially where there was an unpopular commander.

And that sort of intense bond happened in Vietnam between squaddies, American Marines and so on who were out there, especially where there was an unpopular commander.

Yes, because Patroclus, when the Achaeans are really not doing well at all, persuades Achilles that Achilles isn't going to fight. But he says, just let me go and fight. Wear your armor. You don't have to, but I'm going to go in. And Achilles doesn't want to let him, but he does go in. And of course, he gets killed. And it's the death of Patroclus that makes Achilles angry.

Yes, because Patroclus, when the Achaeans are really not doing well at all, persuades Achilles that Achilles isn't going to fight. But he says, just let me go and fight. Wear your armor. You don't have to, but I'm going to go in. And Achilles doesn't want to let him, but he does go in. And of course, he gets killed. And it's the death of Patroclus that makes Achilles angry.

Yes, because Patroclus, when the Achaeans are really not doing well at all, persuades Achilles that Achilles isn't going to fight. But he says, just let me go and fight. Wear your armor. You don't have to, but I'm going to go in. And Achilles doesn't want to let him, but he does go in. And of course, he gets killed. And it's the death of Patroclus that makes Achilles angry.

not relinquish his rage with Agamemnon, but his rage with Hector overshadows that. So he no longer thinks the Agamemnon insult that pales into its significance besides his bereavement. That's the moment when he says he's got to go back to fight, but he hasn't got any arms.

not relinquish his rage with Agamemnon, but his rage with Hector overshadows that. So he no longer thinks the Agamemnon insult that pales into its significance besides his bereavement. That's the moment when he says he's got to go back to fight, but he hasn't got any arms.

not relinquish his rage with Agamemnon, but his rage with Hector overshadows that. So he no longer thinks the Agamemnon insult that pales into its significance besides his bereavement. That's the moment when he says he's got to go back to fight, but he hasn't got any arms.

So his mother has to go to Hephaestus for the new arms for Achilles, and he goes back into battle, very hastily makes up with Agamemnon. It doesn't really matter to him anymore. And the rage against Hector is, of course, expressed in the most violent terms.

So his mother has to go to Hephaestus for the new arms for Achilles, and he goes back into battle, very hastily makes up with Agamemnon. It doesn't really matter to him anymore. And the rage against Hector is, of course, expressed in the most violent terms.

So his mother has to go to Hephaestus for the new arms for Achilles, and he goes back into battle, very hastily makes up with Agamemnon. It doesn't really matter to him anymore. And the rage against Hector is, of course, expressed in the most violent terms.

Achilles actually sacrifices human captives from Troy, some youths, 12 youths from Troy, kills them over the pyre of Patroclus, such is his rage. And there is no human sacrifice in the Iliad, and it's one of the very few times where the authorial voice said, he did a bad thing.

Achilles actually sacrifices human captives from Troy, some youths, 12 youths from Troy, kills them over the pyre of Patroclus, such is his rage. And there is no human sacrifice in the Iliad, and it's one of the very few times where the authorial voice said, he did a bad thing.

Achilles actually sacrifices human captives from Troy, some youths, 12 youths from Troy, kills them over the pyre of Patroclus, such is his rage. And there is no human sacrifice in the Iliad, and it's one of the very few times where the authorial voice said, he did a bad thing.

Absolutely. Indeed, when he finally goes into battle, there's a special word for it. It's a certain kind of scene in Iliad, and other characters get them, called an aristia, which means showing off your excellence at fighting. Right. So Diomedes gets one. He's another very good Achaean warrior in book five, where you kill serially, you know, like 10 goals one after another in a football match.