Professor Nicole Hemmer
speaker
296 appearances
5 recordings
1 series
first heard Apr 2025
last heard Jun 2025
Professor Nicole Hemmer’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Buenos dias, thank you for having me.
Yes, exactly. The Louisiana Purchase, the acquisition of the Spanish territories in Florida. So originally, New Spain was significantly larger than the original 13 colonies that became the first 13 states of the United States.
Mhm. Sie waren die Ersten. Sie entdeckten also die ersten Amerikaner. Sie hatten also einen bedeutenden Start in der Kolonisierung und in der Befragung von Territorien für den Spanischen Kronen. Sie sprachen also aus der Karibik durch das, was dann Mexiko wurde. Es wurde dann die neue Spanien genannt. Überall in Südamerika, außer für das, was Brasilien wurde, was die Portugieser bezeichneten.
Thanks to this head start, Spanish territories were significantly larger than the relatively small territories that the British claimed in North America and a few parts of the Caribbean as well.
Yeah, we got Florida territory. And it was a big deal for the United States to get that territory. And it was kind of a signal, right, of these ideas or these plans to expand further south and then eventually also especially west.
Ja, genau. Die Texas-Frage war einer der originalen Flashpoints in den Territorien, die die USA und Mexiko werden, um herauszufinden, wer die Texas-Territorien kontrollieren würde. Das war eine große Frage.
And slavery. Yes, the slave system was a big question, whether slavery would be allowed in Texas or not.
Exactly. So the question with Texas was that it was very sparsely populated when independence happened in the United States and then subsequently in Mexico. The entire northern part of Mexico was not very populated. There were still a lot of lands under indigenous control and the Mexican government in Mexico City really wanted to populate.
And ideally they hoped that European, especially Spanish-descended peoples of Catholic faith would move to the northern parts of Mexico and modernize the indigenous population there and establish solid Mexican control over the territory. And that just wasn't happening. But the people who were willing to move to these territories were
were white southerners, white US southerners, who were interested in getting cheap land. And they signed these agreements with the Mexican government, promising to convert to Catholicism, promising to settle a certain distance away from the border to kind of hope that they would be more fully integrated into the Mexican nation.
But they didn't really honor those agreements and they still considered themselves more Americans than Mexican. And eventually they outnumbered Spanish-born or Mexican-born people in that territory by some measure of 10 to 1 or something. And so they were the ones who ended up populating Mexico.
Sure. So when Mexico becomes independent, it had just fought a relatively long independence war. And it was costly, it was bloody, and the new state that emerges from that independence war is very weak. And they have a lot of trouble establishing control over... Territories that are farther away from Mexico City, especially in the north, but also in the south.
And Texas is one of those places where they just can't establish control. And one of the biggest questions is this question of slavery. So the central Mexican government outlaws slavery much earlier than the United States. So slavery is no longer allowed in Mexico, but it is in the United States in the southern parts.
And these settlers who had colonized Texas, supposedly on behalf of the Mexican government, were from the South and they were interested in maintaining their slave system. And so that was one of the issues where they said, you know, this is too much central control. They're trying to dictate our lives. And so that was a big issue driving this push for colonization.
Taxen-Independence from the rest of Mexico.
To a certain extent, yeah. Once they figured out how many people were settling right near the border and were not integrating into Mexican society, were not learning Spanish, were not converting to Catholicism, as they had initially promised, they did try to limit immigration.
So the Texan Independence War was an interesting one because they had this like minor skirmish over a cannon. There was a cannon the settlers had been given and the Mexican government said, we're not sure we want to be arming you guys anymore.
And so they told the settlers to give this cannon back and the settlers hung up this flag that said something along the lines of, if you want it, come and take it. And that was the spark that set off the Texan Revolution. And there were a couple of major battles. The most famous one is the Alamo, of course. And that had been a mission. You mentioned missionaries. That had been a mission.
And the Mexican government had occupied it for a while. And then the Texas secessionists took over the Alamo. And they tried to hold out against the Mexican army and lost. It was a famous war. Die Mexikaner haben den Kampf gewonnen, aber sie haben den Krieg verloren. Einer dieser Situationen.
Und Santa Anna, den du erwähnt hast, war sehr berühmt für das Verlangen von Texas an die Vereinigten Staaten. Das war ein großer Verlust für ihn. Er war wahrscheinlich der mächtigste Mensch in Mexiko für Mexiko. A lot of the first half of the 1800s. And he lost Texas. Texas gained its independence through a number of battles. And then you still have this border question, though.
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