Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz

So my first point is, you're asking the wrong Rabbi Arieh Leibowitz.

The Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz in Shalvin, who I refer to as the real Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz, has written a book on Hashkoch HaPratis.

In fact, when the book came out, people were asking me if I would autograph a copy for them because they assumed it was me.

And I told this to Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz and he said, if it helps the book sell in Woodmere, Gezunte, go and autograph a copy.

but he did a lot of research on this topic.

He has a particular thesis, if I'm not mistaken, about this topic, but there are a number of opinions about it.

Traditionally, people distinguish between Ashkacha Pratis and Ashkacha Klalus, and the suggestion is made in Rishonim that Jewish people are privy to Ashkacha Pratis, whereas non-Jews have more of Ashkacha Klalus, not Ashkacha Pratis.

There are others that say,

that Hashem, of course, is involved in everything.

The difference between Jews and non-Jews is only whether they are judged based on their own personal merit or based on whether they have fulfilled their mission in the general scheme of things in society.

That instead of the non-Jew being judged for each action, yes, no, mitzvah, avera, he's judged more on the mission he's fulfilled in society.

And certainly, certainly,

Everyone agrees, to my knowledge, that a non-Jew is allowed to, and perhaps obligated to, daven, to pray.

So if you're praying, it assumes some level of hashkacha.

Meaning, if you're doing bakashot, so it assumes some level of hashkacha.

So I don't know.

I'm not God's accountant.

I don't know exactly how it works.

And this is something that's discussed and debated and worked out in Rishonim.

But again, I would strongly encourage purchasing Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz's book on Hashkach HaPratos.