Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz

I don't remember the details of the memo, but there's a lot of good history here.

I'm sure there are people that have done PhD theses on the heir of Manhattan and the history and the negotiations with this gadol and that gadol, because originally Rav Moshe said, I'm just not going to say anything.

and then ultimately he did sign, perhaps because he thought they were quoting in his name that it's Mutter, when he held it's not Mutter.

So whatever it is, there's a lot of interest.

I think the line that Rabbi Lamb said when he went to meet with Rabbi Aaron Cutler was that he said, he was like,

a lamb being led to the slaughter, when he met with Reverend Cutler about this.

Okay, question number three.

How are we supposed to view God's influence in everyday affairs that don't affect Jews?

Meaning what essentially the question is, is about hashkacha pratis as it relates to non-Jews.

So my first point is, you're asking the wrong Rabbi Arieh Leibowitz.

The Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz in Shalvin, who I refer to as the real Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz, has written a book on Hashkoch HaPratis.

In fact, when the book came out, people were asking me if I would autograph a copy for them because they assumed it was me.

And I told this to Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz and he said, if it helps the book sell in Woodmere, Gezunte, go and autograph a copy.

but he did a lot of research on this topic.

He has a particular thesis, if I'm not mistaken, about this topic, but there are a number of opinions about it.

Traditionally, people distinguish between Ashkacha Pratis and Ashkacha Klalus, and the suggestion is made in Rishonim that Jewish people are privy to Ashkacha Pratis, whereas non-Jews have more of Ashkacha Klalus, not Ashkacha Pratis.

There are others that say,

that Hashem, of course, is involved in everything.

The difference between Jews and non-Jews is only whether they are judged based on their own personal merit or based on whether they have fulfilled their mission in the general scheme of things in society.

That instead of the non-Jew being judged for each action, yes, no, mitzvah, avera, he's judged more on the mission he's fulfilled in society.