Ramteen Arablui

Cesare Beccaria, the Italian philosopher who inspired much of the American founder's thinking around cruel and unusual punishment, himself quoted another famous philosopher, the French Montesquieu. He wrote that any punishment that goes beyond necessity is tyrannical.

I'm Ramteen Arablui. And you've been listening to ThruLine from NPR.

I'm Ramteen Arablui. And you've been listening to ThruLine from NPR.

I'm Ramteen Arablui. And you've been listening to ThruLine from NPR.

And me. And. Laurence Wu.

And me. And. Laurence Wu.

And me. And. Laurence Wu.

Thank you to Johannes Derdy, Tony Cavett, Nadia Lansing, Keandre Starling, Jonette Oaks, Edith Chapin, and Colin Campbell.

Thank you to Johannes Derdy, Tony Cavett, Nadia Lansing, Keandre Starling, Jonette Oaks, Edith Chapin, and Colin Campbell.

Thank you to Johannes Derdy, Tony Cavett, Nadia Lansing, Keandre Starling, Jonette Oaks, Edith Chapin, and Colin Campbell.

And finally, if you have an idea or like something you heard on the show, write us at ThruLine at NPR.org.

And finally, if you have an idea or like something you heard on the show, write us at ThruLine at NPR.org.

And finally, if you have an idea or like something you heard on the show, write us at ThruLine at NPR.org.

These questions are probably not that much different than the ones you're asking. Fears about the chaos of the world make it into our dreams. We mourn those we've lost. We escape the confines of our waking minds. We find joy in absurdity. We escape into ourselves in our dreams. And for thousands of years, dreams have helped humans find meaning.

These questions are probably not that much different than the ones you're asking. Fears about the chaos of the world make it into our dreams. We mourn those we've lost. We escape the confines of our waking minds. We find joy in absurdity. We escape into ourselves in our dreams. And for thousands of years, dreams have helped humans find meaning.

These questions are probably not that much different than the ones you're asking. Fears about the chaos of the world make it into our dreams. We mourn those we've lost. We escape the confines of our waking minds. We find joy in absurdity. We escape into ourselves in our dreams. And for thousands of years, dreams have helped humans find meaning.

They've inspired creativity, pushed people towards innovation, and even sparked conflict.

They've inspired creativity, pushed people towards innovation, and even sparked conflict.

They've inspired creativity, pushed people towards innovation, and even sparked conflict.

And we've been exploring the personal and how it's changed history. From the politics of smell to the history of love, one man's quest to end aging, and now the content of our dreams.