Randall Carlson

And it's basically, think of it this way. Look at my hands here. You've got a flow of water, right? The most friction is along the channel walls. That slows the water down. Right here in the middle, the water's moving faster. So what happens is you get what's called the velocity curve.

So the velocity curve, if you're looking down at the velocity curve and you've got arrows representing the speed of the water, they're longer in the middle flow and they get shorter as you move towards the perimeter. Well, then the erosion is the inverse of the velocity profile. That's what you're seeing. So it erodes faster in the middle of the current.

So the velocity curve, if you're looking down at the velocity curve and you've got arrows representing the speed of the water, they're longer in the middle flow and they get shorter as you move towards the perimeter. Well, then the erosion is the inverse of the velocity profile. That's what you're seeing. So it erodes faster in the middle of the current.

So the velocity curve, if you're looking down at the velocity curve and you've got arrows representing the speed of the water, they're longer in the middle flow and they get shorter as you move towards the perimeter. Well, then the erosion is the inverse of the velocity profile. That's what you're seeing. So it erodes faster in the middle of the current.

And that's why you get this natural horseshoe shape. Go back one, Ryan, again. And you see, that's what you've got. You've got multiple alcoves there. And this is one of the things. Now, when you're studying maps like this, you can look for these kinds of features here. And they are made by Waterflow. That's these recessional cataracts. Okay, let's go forward, Brian.

And that's why you get this natural horseshoe shape. Go back one, Ryan, again. And you see, that's what you've got. You've got multiple alcoves there. And this is one of the things. Now, when you're studying maps like this, you can look for these kinds of features here. And they are made by Waterflow. That's these recessional cataracts. Okay, let's go forward, Brian.

And that's why you get this natural horseshoe shape. Go back one, Ryan, again. And you see, that's what you've got. You've got multiple alcoves there. And this is one of the things. Now, when you're studying maps like this, you can look for these kinds of features here. And they are made by Waterflow. That's these recessional cataracts. Okay, let's go forward, Brian.

And then the stuff as it gets plucked and falls down. And if you look at this one, You can look just to the right of the airplane wing and you'll see boulders down there. Those boulders are the size of the one we just saw the two guys standing next to. Wow. And that's debris that got plucked in the erosion of this horseshoe here and then dumped, dropped.

And then the stuff as it gets plucked and falls down. And if you look at this one, You can look just to the right of the airplane wing and you'll see boulders down there. Those boulders are the size of the one we just saw the two guys standing next to. Wow. And that's debris that got plucked in the erosion of this horseshoe here and then dumped, dropped.

And then the stuff as it gets plucked and falls down. And if you look at this one, You can look just to the right of the airplane wing and you'll see boulders down there. Those boulders are the size of the one we just saw the two guys standing next to. Wow. And that's debris that got plucked in the erosion of this horseshoe here and then dumped, dropped.

And the whole floor actually is, if you dug into that, it's probably 100 feet or more thick of debris and boulders and rocks and gravel. Wow. That got dumped water came from the north. You can see the scoured landscape on the, above the cliffs are about 400 feet high. Now let's go to the next one. And you're going to see. Horseshoe falls at scale back up one, one there.

And the whole floor actually is, if you dug into that, it's probably 100 feet or more thick of debris and boulders and rocks and gravel. Wow. That got dumped water came from the north. You can see the scoured landscape on the, above the cliffs are about 400 feet high. Now let's go to the next one. And you're going to see. Horseshoe falls at scale back up one, one there.

And the whole floor actually is, if you dug into that, it's probably 100 feet or more thick of debris and boulders and rocks and gravel. Wow. That got dumped water came from the north. You can see the scoured landscape on the, above the cliffs are about 400 feet high. Now let's go to the next one. And you're going to see. Horseshoe falls at scale back up one, one there.

Look up in the upper left corner. That's horseshoe cataract at Niagara at the same scale. So you can see how this extinct waterfall, how gigantic it is. And we're only looking at one alcove here, right? Go to the next one now, Ryan. Okay, and then we're going to juxtapose Horseshoe Falls of Niagara in this one. There we go. Yeah. And that's to scale? That's to scale.

Look up in the upper left corner. That's horseshoe cataract at Niagara at the same scale. So you can see how this extinct waterfall, how gigantic it is. And we're only looking at one alcove here, right? Go to the next one now, Ryan. Okay, and then we're going to juxtapose Horseshoe Falls of Niagara in this one. There we go. Yeah. And that's to scale? That's to scale.

Look up in the upper left corner. That's horseshoe cataract at Niagara at the same scale. So you can see how this extinct waterfall, how gigantic it is. And we're only looking at one alcove here, right? Go to the next one now, Ryan. Okay, and then we're going to juxtapose Horseshoe Falls of Niagara in this one. There we go. Yeah. And that's to scale? That's to scale.

Niagara's about, what is it, 150? Then this is, these cliffs are 400 feet.

Niagara's about, what is it, 150? Then this is, these cliffs are 400 feet.

Niagara's about, what is it, 150? Then this is, these cliffs are 400 feet.

All right. Let's see what's next. Okay. So here's like the wreckage of the late Pleistocene world lie in massive heaps strewn throughout the pathways of the great cosmic floods. So this is the outwash from Grand Coulee that I was talking about. And you got mile after mile of this stuff. So prior to the flood, this was all part of the bedrock.