Randall Carlson

And then if you have a single upwarp, so it's like this, that's a monocline. So you've got compression, syncline. There we go. Let's see what we've got there. Compressional, yeah, compactional monocline formed over inactive base. And yeah, so you've got, those are all examples of monoclines, right? So you have a single upwarp.

So go back to the map, and that's we're looking at the Coulee monocline. Now, when that upwarp happens, the forces cause the bedrock to fracture. Makes sense, doesn't it? Okay, so now you've got this huge water flow coming in at an angle. Now it intersects the monocline right there. And at that point, initially, that water poured over the monocline. It was a 900-foot drop.

So go back to the map, and that's we're looking at the Coulee monocline. Now, when that upwarp happens, the forces cause the bedrock to fracture. Makes sense, doesn't it? Okay, so now you've got this huge water flow coming in at an angle. Now it intersects the monocline right there. And at that point, initially, that water poured over the monocline. It was a 900-foot drop.

So go back to the map, and that's we're looking at the Coulee monocline. Now, when that upwarp happens, the forces cause the bedrock to fracture. Makes sense, doesn't it? Okay, so now you've got this huge water flow coming in at an angle. Now it intersects the monocline right there. And at that point, initially, that water poured over the monocline. It was a 900-foot drop.

So you had a waterfall that was a mile wide, 900 feet high. Wow. Then it began to eat its way to the north and ate its way all the way up to the Great Notch that we already saw. Now, lower Grand Coulee, if you look below Grand Coulee City, you can follow the monocline came down, and then just below Afrata Lake there, it makes a sharp bend to the west. You see that?

So you had a waterfall that was a mile wide, 900 feet high. Wow. Then it began to eat its way to the north and ate its way all the way up to the Great Notch that we already saw. Now, lower Grand Coulee, if you look below Grand Coulee City, you can follow the monocline came down, and then just below Afrata Lake there, it makes a sharp bend to the west. You see that?

So you had a waterfall that was a mile wide, 900 feet high. Wow. Then it began to eat its way to the north and ate its way all the way up to the Great Notch that we already saw. Now, lower Grand Coulee, if you look below Grand Coulee City, you can follow the monocline came down, and then just below Afrata Lake there, it makes a sharp bend to the west. You see that?

Okay, so what happened is once that water hit that fractured area, area of the monocline, a large flow then exploited that weakened rock. And that became Lower Grand Coulee. And then, look, you see Monster Rock right there? That's a big old rock that's sitting out in the middle of the field right there, yeah.

Okay, so what happened is once that water hit that fractured area, area of the monocline, a large flow then exploited that weakened rock. And that became Lower Grand Coulee. And then, look, you see Monster Rock right there? That's a big old rock that's sitting out in the middle of the field right there, yeah.

Okay, so what happened is once that water hit that fractured area, area of the monocline, a large flow then exploited that weakened rock. And that became Lower Grand Coulee. And then, look, you see Monster Rock right there? That's a big old rock that's sitting out in the middle of the field right there, yeah.

And that outwash plane from the discharge of Grand Coulee came all the way down and Moses Lake is in that discharge plane. And what you'll see there too is also something else that we call a paleocurrent indicator. Because if you have one of these outwashes, You can picture this.

And that outwash plane from the discharge of Grand Coulee came all the way down and Moses Lake is in that discharge plane. And what you'll see there too is also something else that we call a paleocurrent indicator. Because if you have one of these outwashes, You can picture this.

And that outwash plane from the discharge of Grand Coulee came all the way down and Moses Lake is in that discharge plane. And what you'll see there too is also something else that we call a paleocurrent indicator. Because if you have one of these outwashes, You can picture this.

When the water is forceful with a lot of power, the stuff that it's picking up is going to be very coarse, bouldery, you know. Once it slows down, what do you think that drops out first? The bigger stuff. And then as you get progressively down current, as the current gets weaker and spread out, you get a finer and finer grain of sediment.

When the water is forceful with a lot of power, the stuff that it's picking up is going to be very coarse, bouldery, you know. Once it slows down, what do you think that drops out first? The bigger stuff. And then as you get progressively down current, as the current gets weaker and spread out, you get a finer and finer grain of sediment.

When the water is forceful with a lot of power, the stuff that it's picking up is going to be very coarse, bouldery, you know. Once it slows down, what do you think that drops out first? The bigger stuff. And then as you get progressively down current, as the current gets weaker and spread out, you get a finer and finer grain of sediment.

So if you look at a big outwash plane or a bar that's created a delta fan, you'll see that the up current has the biggest rocks, and then it gets progressively finer as you move down current. So that's one way you call that a paleo current, the ancient current indicator, because what I do, and when I take people out on these, these tours is w we like follow the routes of the flood.

So if you look at a big outwash plane or a bar that's created a delta fan, you'll see that the up current has the biggest rocks, and then it gets progressively finer as you move down current. So that's one way you call that a paleo current, the ancient current indicator, because what I do, and when I take people out on these, these tours is w we like follow the routes of the flood.

So if you look at a big outwash plane or a bar that's created a delta fan, you'll see that the up current has the biggest rocks, and then it gets progressively finer as you move down current. So that's one way you call that a paleo current, the ancient current indicator, because what I do, and when I take people out on these, these tours is w we like follow the routes of the flood.

Um, I've probably been over this landscape as much or more than anyone else in the world, actually. I mean, I've been over this back and forth over this landscape I don't know, 30 times, 40 times, I've lost count. I've taken hundreds of people out. I've been on... many geologists guided field trips. And a lot of them have been really knowledgeable.