Randall Carlson

I've often thought, you know, if we look at our modern, say the last 10,000 years, we can see that, oh, they're, you know, interestingly, if you look at the graph from where you see it, it trails upward and then you see the vertical dashed line. Yeah. Okay, so that vertical dashed line represents roughly the average temperature of the planet now for comparison.

I've often thought, you know, if we look at our modern, say the last 10,000 years, we can see that, oh, they're, you know, interestingly, if you look at the graph from where you see it, it trails upward and then you see the vertical dashed line. Yeah. Okay, so that vertical dashed line represents roughly the average temperature of the planet now for comparison.

I've often thought, you know, if we look at our modern, say the last 10,000 years, we can see that, oh, they're, you know, interestingly, if you look at the graph from where you see it, it trails upward and then you see the vertical dashed line. Yeah. Okay, so that vertical dashed line represents roughly the average temperature of the planet now for comparison.

And what you're going to see there is if you take away that spike at 8200, you'll see that the amplitude increases as we get towards the present. See, at those swings, left, right, hot to cold, hot to cold, during this period called the climatic optimum, coming just out of the ice age, has increased.

And what you're going to see there is if you take away that spike at 8200, you'll see that the amplitude increases as we get towards the present. See, at those swings, left, right, hot to cold, hot to cold, during this period called the climatic optimum, coming just out of the ice age, has increased.

And what you're going to see there is if you take away that spike at 8200, you'll see that the amplitude increases as we get towards the present. See, at those swings, left, right, hot to cold, hot to cold, during this period called the climatic optimum, coming just out of the ice age, has increased.

So in other words, the variability of the climate has increased from those first, say, let's say around 3,000, 4,000 years in the immediate post-glacial environment. The other thing to look at is interesting that if you go just below, you're going to see there's two great warming spikes. Look at there, just to the left of 15. You see there's a warming spike. That's meltwater pulse 1A.

So in other words, the variability of the climate has increased from those first, say, let's say around 3,000, 4,000 years in the immediate post-glacial environment. The other thing to look at is interesting that if you go just below, you're going to see there's two great warming spikes. Look at there, just to the left of 15. You see there's a warming spike. That's meltwater pulse 1A.

So in other words, the variability of the climate has increased from those first, say, let's say around 3,000, 4,000 years in the immediate post-glacial environment. The other thing to look at is interesting that if you go just below, you're going to see there's two great warming spikes. Look at there, just to the left of 15. You see there's a warming spike. That's meltwater pulse 1A.

Come up and you see the second one right there coming across just below 10. That's the meltwater pulse 1B about 11,600 years ago. And then that full shift to the left where it's got cold really rapidly, that is the Younger Dryas. And then if we look at this next quote, we're going to see the pace at which these warming events took place. So Ryan, go to the next slide.

Come up and you see the second one right there coming across just below 10. That's the meltwater pulse 1B about 11,600 years ago. And then that full shift to the left where it's got cold really rapidly, that is the Younger Dryas. And then if we look at this next quote, we're going to see the pace at which these warming events took place. So Ryan, go to the next slide.

Come up and you see the second one right there coming across just below 10. That's the meltwater pulse 1B about 11,600 years ago. And then that full shift to the left where it's got cold really rapidly, that is the Younger Dryas. And then if we look at this next quote, we're going to see the pace at which these warming events took place. So Ryan, go to the next slide.

So now this was 1993, Richard Fairbanks. He is one of the godfathers of... you know, ancient climate change for measurements of annual ice layer thickness over the past 15,000 years. The authors find that Greenland's climate emerging from the last ice age twice. Those were the two spikes shifted from glacial to interglacial conditions over an astonishingly quick three to five years.

So now this was 1993, Richard Fairbanks. He is one of the godfathers of... you know, ancient climate change for measurements of annual ice layer thickness over the past 15,000 years. The authors find that Greenland's climate emerging from the last ice age twice. Those were the two spikes shifted from glacial to interglacial conditions over an astonishingly quick three to five years.

So now this was 1993, Richard Fairbanks. He is one of the godfathers of... you know, ancient climate change for measurements of annual ice layer thickness over the past 15,000 years. The authors find that Greenland's climate emerging from the last ice age twice. Those were the two spikes shifted from glacial to interglacial conditions over an astonishingly quick three to five years.

Warming that's, that's warming. That's 10 times more than the warming of the last century and a half. And it happens over three to five years. Don't tell me that the debate is over, that the science is settled. It is not, it's not, it's not. How do you explain that? It's a challenge. Let's go to the next one, Ryan, and see where we're going here. Oh yeah, so here we go.

Warming that's, that's warming. That's 10 times more than the warming of the last century and a half. And it happens over three to five years. Don't tell me that the debate is over, that the science is settled. It is not, it's not, it's not. How do you explain that? It's a challenge. Let's go to the next one, Ryan, and see where we're going here. Oh yeah, so here we go.

Warming that's, that's warming. That's 10 times more than the warming of the last century and a half. And it happens over three to five years. Don't tell me that the debate is over, that the science is settled. It is not, it's not, it's not. How do you explain that? It's a challenge. Let's go to the next one, Ryan, and see where we're going here. Oh yeah, so here we go.

This is honing in on that shift out of the Ice Age. Two extreme global warming events at the end of the Great Ice Age. And notice if you go down just below 15 and you see it's squiggling left and right.

This is honing in on that shift out of the Ice Age. Two extreme global warming events at the end of the Great Ice Age. And notice if you go down just below 15 and you see it's squiggling left and right.