Sam Altman

provide a lot of value and teach people how to fish, but also to get the world really thoughtful about what's happening here. Now, we still don't have all the answers, and we're fumbling our way through this like everybody else, and I assume we'll change strategy many more times as we learn new things.

You know, when we started OpenAI, we had really no idea about how things were going to go, that we'd make a language model, that we'd ever make a product. We started off just... I remember very clearly that first day where we're like, well, Now we're all here. That was, you know, it was difficult to get this set up, but what happens now? Maybe we should write some papers.

You know, when we started OpenAI, we had really no idea about how things were going to go, that we'd make a language model, that we'd ever make a product. We started off just... I remember very clearly that first day where we're like, well, Now we're all here. That was, you know, it was difficult to get this set up, but what happens now? Maybe we should write some papers.

Maybe we should stand around a whiteboard. And we've just been trying to like put one foot in front of the other and figure out what's next and what's next and what's next. And... I think we'll keep doing that.

Maybe we should stand around a whiteboard. And we've just been trying to like put one foot in front of the other and figure out what's next and what's next and what's next. And... I think we'll keep doing that.

So I definitely don't think it'll be an arms race for data, because when the models get smart enough at some point, it shouldn't be about more data, at least not for training. It may matter data to make it useful. Look, the one thing that I have learned most throughout all of this is that it's hard to make confident statements a couple of years in the future about where this is all going to go.

So I definitely don't think it'll be an arms race for data, because when the models get smart enough at some point, it shouldn't be about more data, at least not for training. It may matter data to make it useful. Look, the one thing that I have learned most throughout all of this is that it's hard to make confident statements a couple of years in the future about where this is all going to go.

And so I don't want to try now. I will say that I expect lots of very capable models in the world. And, you know, like, it feels to me like we just, like, stumbled on a new fact of nature or science or whatever you want to call it, which is, like, we can create, you can, like... I mean, I don't believe this literally, but it's like a spiritual point.

And so I don't want to try now. I will say that I expect lots of very capable models in the world. And, you know, like, it feels to me like we just, like, stumbled on a new fact of nature or science or whatever you want to call it, which is, like, we can create, you can, like... I mean, I don't believe this literally, but it's like a spiritual point.

You know, intelligence is just this emergent property of matter, and that's like a rule of physics or something. So people are going to figure that out. But there will be all these different ways to design the systems. People will make different choices, figure out new ideas. And I'm sure, like, you know,

You know, intelligence is just this emergent property of matter, and that's like a rule of physics or something. So people are going to figure that out. But there will be all these different ways to design the systems. People will make different choices, figure out new ideas. And I'm sure, like, you know,

Like any other industry, I would expect there to be multiple approaches and different people like different ones. Some people like iPhones, some people like an Android phone. I think there will be some effect like that.

Like any other industry, I would expect there to be multiple approaches and different people like different ones. Some people like iPhones, some people like an Android phone. I think there will be some effect like that.

We'll make huge algorithmic gains for sure, and I don't want to discount that. I'm very interested in chips and energy, but if we can make a same quality model twice as efficient, that's like we had twice as much compute. And I think there's a gigantic amount of work to be done there. And I hope we'll start really seeing those results. Other than that, the whole supply chain is very complicated.

We'll make huge algorithmic gains for sure, and I don't want to discount that. I'm very interested in chips and energy, but if we can make a same quality model twice as efficient, that's like we had twice as much compute. And I think there's a gigantic amount of work to be done there. And I hope we'll start really seeing those results. Other than that, the whole supply chain is very complicated.

There's LogicFab capacity, there's how much HBM the world can make. There's how quickly you can get permits and pour the concrete, make the data centers, and then have people in there wiring them all up. There's finding the energy, which is a huge bottleneck. But I think when there's this much value to people, the world will do its thing. We'll try to help it happen faster.

There's LogicFab capacity, there's how much HBM the world can make. There's how quickly you can get permits and pour the concrete, make the data centers, and then have people in there wiring them all up. There's finding the energy, which is a huge bottleneck. But I think when there's this much value to people, the world will do its thing. We'll try to help it happen faster.

And there's probably like I don't know how to give it a number, but there's some percentage chance where there is, as you were saying, a huge substrate breakthrough, and we have a massively more efficient way to do computing, but I don't bank on that or spend too much time thinking about it.

And there's probably like I don't know how to give it a number, but there's some percentage chance where there is, as you were saying, a huge substrate breakthrough, and we have a massively more efficient way to do computing, but I don't bank on that or spend too much time thinking about it.

I'm super interested in this. I love like great new form factors of computing. And it feels like with every major technological advance, a new thing becomes possible. Phones are unbelievably good, so I think the threshold is very high here. I personally think an iPhone is the greatest piece of technology humanity has ever made. It's really a wonderful product. What comes after it? I don't know.