Sarah Paine

Air power enthusiasts will say, no, no, no, that's nonsense.

It's all about controlling the skies.

So when you control the air, you got air cover for your convoys.

That's what does it.

So let's talk about why the Battle of the Atlantic turns out the way it is.

If I take away cryptography, would it have turned out the same way?

Negative.

If I take away not just sheer amount of technology, but certain key pieces like radar and those things, what happens?

Does it change?

Yes, it does.

What happens if the United States just doesn't like alliances, that you don't coordinate things particularly well?

Does it change things?

Yes, it does.

You can go through...

A list of this, of different people are designing different types of ships and are also determining that you're going to share things with Britain.

Britain's providing a lot of free stuff.

So if you play, remove any one of these things, that Battle of the Atlantic turns out differently.

So the story is, it's probably a package of many things.

And this whole game of takeaway, when you have people who...

We'll come up with a monocausal explanation for you.