Sarah Paine

and the rape of Nanjing and other atrocities, that they were going to do these horrifying things and that would break the will of the other side.

Okay, be careful whom you put on death ground.

The Japanese were repeating a mistake done by the Nazis, which is...

If you're dealing with even a failing state, which Russia was, Stalin had shot so many of his officers in the 30s and then he inflicted a famine on Ukraine.

But when the Nazis came in and they were going to wipe out not only the Russian government, but also the Russian people,

You will superglue people, government, and military, and you will transform a failing state into a lethal adversary.

And this is what Nazi brutality does to Russians, what Japanese brutality does to Chinese, and what Russian brutality today is doing to Ukraine.

Don't do it.

Bad strategy.

All right, there are strategic implications from these values.

One is this emphasis on the offensive preemption.

It's emphasis on military action to solve all your problems.

And you have a fixed policy objective, whatever it is.

And if you're in a given battle, you have to win that battle.

It's not, oh, I have an overarching objective.

It's too costly here.

I'm going to call off this battle and I'm going to try again somewhere else.

Uh-uh.

The moment you're...

Plan is failed, you're a failure.