Sean Mackey, M.D., Ph.D.

Roll with that.

Roll with that.

I want to build off it then.

I want to build off it then.

That is basically your longer term harm alarm. That is saying, Peter, don't go back and do that again. Back in the cave people days, it would remind you maybe it's best to sit in the cave. and let the healing occur instead of going out and fighting the woolly mammoth or the saber-toothed tiger. Because if you fought the saber-toothed tiger when you're injured, you got eaten.

That is basically your longer term harm alarm. That is saying, Peter, don't go back and do that again. Back in the cave people days, it would remind you maybe it's best to sit in the cave. and let the healing occur instead of going out and fighting the woolly mammoth or the saber-toothed tiger. Because if you fought the saber-toothed tiger when you're injured, you got eaten.

You didn't get to pass your genes along.

You didn't get to pass your genes along.

Wow, that's a great question. One, I don't know. Two, there was undoubtedly genetic variations that led to behaviors, led to actions that did not promote survival of the species. And nature takes care of that. Those people died out.

Wow, that's a great question. One, I don't know. Two, there was undoubtedly genetic variations that led to behaviors, led to actions that did not promote survival of the species. And nature takes care of that. Those people died out.

And when you go back through some of the lower animal species, what happens when one of those animals gets injured in the wild? I'm not an animal pain expert, but typically they're set off. They're ostracized. Those animals just die out. What do we do? We come together as a community and we help those people. We developed empathy for pain. I did some studies on that.

And when you go back through some of the lower animal species, what happens when one of those animals gets injured in the wild? I'm not an animal pain expert, but typically they're set off. They're ostracized. Those animals just die out. What do we do? We come together as a community and we help those people. We developed empathy for pain. I did some studies on that.

And that has gotten hardwired into our brains to be able to recognize when people are in distress and pain and to reach out and help them. That was clearly beneficial to our species and conserved.

And that has gotten hardwired into our brains to be able to recognize when people are in distress and pain and to reach out and help them. That was clearly beneficial to our species and conserved.

Absolutely. And I got to tell you, hats off to half the population that are women and the women that do this. I can't imagine. I don't want to even go there.

Absolutely. And I got to tell you, hats off to half the population that are women and the women that do this. I can't imagine. I don't want to even go there.

There is interesting protective aspects during childbirth that doesn't take away necessarily the pain, but I think some of the estrogens, the estradiols has not only an analgesic effect, but I sometimes just swear, I don't seem to remember sometimes just how painful it was and yet they do it again.

There is interesting protective aspects during childbirth that doesn't take away necessarily the pain, but I think some of the estrogens, the estradiols has not only an analgesic effect, but I sometimes just swear, I don't seem to remember sometimes just how painful it was and yet they do it again.

I repeatedly tell Beth, I sometimes wonder why I was not a Darwin Award winner, if you've ever read the books. I remember the Darwin Awards fondly, yeah.

I repeatedly tell Beth, I sometimes wonder why I was not a Darwin Award winner, if you've ever read the books. I remember the Darwin Awards fondly, yeah.