Sergey Levine

I'll start with the broader themes and then try to drill a little bit into the details.

So

One broader theme here is that if you want to have an economy where you get ahead by having a highly educated workforce, by having people that have high productivity, meaning that for each person's hour of work, lots of stuff gets done.

Automation is really, really good because automation is what multiplies the amount of productivity that each person has.

Again, same as like LLM coding tools.

LLM coding tools amplify the productivity of a software engineer.

Robots will amplify the productivity of basically everybody that is doing work.

Now, that's kind of like a final state, like a desirable final state.

Now, there's a lot of complexity in how you get to that state, how you make that an appealing journey to society, how you navigate the geopolitical dimension of that.

All of that stuff is actually pretty complicated, and it requires making a number of really good decisions, like good decisions about investing in a balanced robotics ecosystem, supporting

both software innovation and hardware innovation.

I don't think any of those are insurmountable problems.

It just requires a degree of kind of long-term vision and the right kind of balance of investment.

But what makes me really optimistic about this is that final state, that if...

I think we can all agree that in the United States, we would like to have the kind of society where people are highly productive, where we have highly educated people doing high-value work.

And because that end state seems to me very compatible with automation, with robotics, there's a lot of – at some level, there should be a lot of incentive to get to that state.

And then from there, we have to solve for all the details that will help us get there.

And that's not easy.

I think there's a lot of complicated –

decisions that need to be made in terms of private industry, in terms of investment, in terms of the political dimension.