Serhii Plokhy

But at the beginning of the 19th century, they put this claim already, they used new arguments. And these arguments are about nation and nationalism. And they're saying that the Cossacks are a separate nation. And that's a big, big, big claim.

The Russian Empire, and this is a very, very good argument in historiography, that Russian Empire grew and acquired this one-sixth of the Earth by using one very specific way of integrating those lands. It integrated elites. was making deals with the elites, whether the elites were Muslim or the elites were Roman Catholic, as the case with the Poles.

The Russian Empire, and this is a very, very good argument in historiography, that Russian Empire grew and acquired this one-sixth of the Earth by using one very specific way of integrating those lands. It integrated elites. was making deals with the elites, whether the elites were Muslim or the elites were Roman Catholic, as the case with the Poles.

The Russian Empire, and this is a very, very good argument in historiography, that Russian Empire grew and acquired this one-sixth of the Earth by using one very specific way of integrating those lands. It integrated elites. was making deals with the elites, whether the elites were Muslim or the elites were Roman Catholic, as the case with the Poles.

The elites would be integrated, and the empire was based on the state loyalty and the state integration. But once you bring in the factor of nation and nationalism and language, then once in a sudden, the whole model of the integration of the elites, irrespective of their language, religion, and culture, starts falling apart.

The elites would be integrated, and the empire was based on the state loyalty and the state integration. But once you bring in the factor of nation and nationalism and language, then once in a sudden, the whole model of the integration of the elites, irrespective of their language, religion, and culture, starts falling apart.

The elites would be integrated, and the empire was based on the state loyalty and the state integration. But once you bring in the factor of nation and nationalism and language, then once in a sudden, the whole model of the integration of the elites, irrespective of their language, religion, and culture, starts falling apart.

And the Poles were the first who really produced this sort of a challenge to the Russian Empire by two uprisings in the 19th century. And Ukrainians then followed in their footsteps. So the importance of the text is that it was making claim on the part of a particular state, the Kazakh officer class, which was that empire could survive.

And the Poles were the first who really produced this sort of a challenge to the Russian Empire by two uprisings in the 19th century. And Ukrainians then followed in their footsteps. So the importance of the text is that it was making claim on the part of a particular state, the Kazakh officer class, which was that empire could survive.

And the Poles were the first who really produced this sort of a challenge to the Russian Empire by two uprisings in the 19th century. And Ukrainians then followed in their footsteps. So the importance of the text is that it was making claim on the part of a particular state, the Kazakh officer class, which was that empire could survive.

But it turned it, given the conditions of the time, into the claim for the special role of... Cossacks as a nation, creating that this is a separate nation, a Rus' nation. That is the challenge of nationalism that no empire really survived, and the Russian Empire was not an exception.

But it turned it, given the conditions of the time, into the claim for the special role of... Cossacks as a nation, creating that this is a separate nation, a Rus' nation. That is the challenge of nationalism that no empire really survived, and the Russian Empire was not an exception.

But it turned it, given the conditions of the time, into the claim for the special role of... Cossacks as a nation, creating that this is a separate nation, a Rus' nation. That is the challenge of nationalism that no empire really survived, and the Russian Empire was not an exception.

There's a turning point when the discourse switches from loyalty based on the integration of the elites to the loyalty based on attachment to your nation, to your language, and to your culture, and to your history.

There's a turning point when the discourse switches from loyalty based on the integration of the elites to the loyalty based on attachment to your nation, to your language, and to your culture, and to your history.

There's a turning point when the discourse switches from loyalty based on the integration of the elites to the loyalty based on attachment to your nation, to your language, and to your culture, and to your history.

That was the beginning and the beginning that was building a bridge between the existence of the Kazakh state in the 17th and 18th century that was used as a foundation for the Kazakh mythology, Ukrainian national mythology, went into the Ukrainian national anthem.

That was the beginning and the beginning that was building a bridge between the existence of the Kazakh state in the 17th and 18th century that was used as a foundation for the Kazakh mythology, Ukrainian national mythology, went into the Ukrainian national anthem.

That was the beginning and the beginning that was building a bridge between the existence of the Kazakh state in the 17th and 18th century that was used as a foundation for the Kazakh mythology, Ukrainian national mythology, went into the Ukrainian national anthem.

And the new age and the new stage where the Cossacks were not there anymore, where there were professors, intellectuals, students, members of the national organizations. And it started, of course, with romantic poetry. It was started with collecting folklore and then later goes to the political stage and eventually the stage of mass politics.