Serhii Plokhy

The meaning that I was putting in the term the Soviet Union as the last empire was that the Soviet collapse was the collapse of the last major European empires, traditional empires. That was in the 18th century, 19th century, and through most of the 20th century. The Austria-Hungary died in the midst of World War I. The Ottoman Empire disintegrated. The Brits were gone and left India.

The meaning that I was putting in the term the Soviet Union as the last empire was that the Soviet collapse was the collapse of the last major European empires, traditional empires. That was in the 18th century, 19th century, and through most of the 20th century. The Austria-Hungary died in the midst of World War I. The Ottoman Empire disintegrated. The Brits were gone and left India.

The meaning that I was putting in the term the Soviet Union as the last empire was that the Soviet collapse was the collapse of the last major European empires, traditional empires. That was in the 18th century, 19th century, and through most of the 20th century. The Austria-Hungary died in the midst of World War I. The Ottoman Empire disintegrated. The Brits were gone and left India.

The successor to the Russian Empire, called the Soviet Union, was still hanging on there. Then came 1991, and what we see even with today's Russia, it's a very different sort of policies. The Russian leadership tried to learn a lesson from 1991, so there is no national republics in the Russian Federation that would have more rights than the Russian administrative units.

The successor to the Russian Empire, called the Soviet Union, was still hanging on there. Then came 1991, and what we see even with today's Russia, it's a very different sort of policies. The Russian leadership tried to learn a lesson from 1991, so there is no national republics in the Russian Federation that would have more rights than the Russian administrative units.

The successor to the Russian Empire, called the Soviet Union, was still hanging on there. Then came 1991, and what we see even with today's Russia, it's a very different sort of policies. The Russian leadership tried to learn a lesson from 1991, so there is no national republics in the Russian Federation that would have more rights than the Russian administrative units.

So the structure is different. The nationality policies are different. The level of Russification is much higher. So it is, in many ways, already a post-imperial formation.

So the structure is different. The nationality policies are different. The level of Russification is much higher. So it is, in many ways, already a post-imperial formation.

So the structure is different. The nationality policies are different. The level of Russification is much higher. So it is, in many ways, already a post-imperial formation.

History is many things, but it started in a very simple way of making notes on the yearly basis, what happened this year or that. So it's about chronology. Chronology in the history of the collapse of the Soviet Union is very important. You have Ukrainian referendum on December 1st, 1991, and you have dissolution of the Soviet Union by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus one week later.

History is many things, but it started in a very simple way of making notes on the yearly basis, what happened this year or that. So it's about chronology. Chronology in the history of the collapse of the Soviet Union is very important. You have Ukrainian referendum on December 1st, 1991, and you have dissolution of the Soviet Union by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus one week later.

History is many things, but it started in a very simple way of making notes on the yearly basis, what happened this year or that. So it's about chronology. Chronology in the history of the collapse of the Soviet Union is very important. You have Ukrainian referendum on December 1st, 1991, and you have dissolution of the Soviet Union by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus one week later.

Mm-hmm. And the question is why. Ukrainian referendum is the answer, but Ukrainians didn't answer their referendum question of whether they want the Soviet Union to be dissolved or not. They answered very limited in terms of, it's been in question whether you support the decision of Verkhovna Rada, of your parliament. for Ukraine to go independent. The rest was not on the ballot.

Mm-hmm. And the question is why. Ukrainian referendum is the answer, but Ukrainians didn't answer their referendum question of whether they want the Soviet Union to be dissolved or not. They answered very limited in terms of, it's been in question whether you support the decision of Verkhovna Rada, of your parliament. for Ukraine to go independent. The rest was not on the ballot.

Mm-hmm. And the question is why. Ukrainian referendum is the answer, but Ukrainians didn't answer their referendum question of whether they want the Soviet Union to be dissolved or not. They answered very limited in terms of, it's been in question whether you support the decision of Verkhovna Rada, of your parliament. for Ukraine to go independent. The rest was not on the ballot.

So why then, one week later, the Soviet Union is gone? President Yeltsin explained to President Bush around that time the reason why Ukraine was so important. He said that, well, if Ukraine is gone, Russia is not interested in this Soviet project because Russia would be outnumbered and outvoted by the Muslim republics. So there was a cultural element. But there was also another one.

So why then, one week later, the Soviet Union is gone? President Yeltsin explained to President Bush around that time the reason why Ukraine was so important. He said that, well, if Ukraine is gone, Russia is not interested in this Soviet project because Russia would be outnumbered and outvoted by the Muslim republics. So there was a cultural element. But there was also another one.

So why then, one week later, the Soviet Union is gone? President Yeltsin explained to President Bush around that time the reason why Ukraine was so important. He said that, well, if Ukraine is gone, Russia is not interested in this Soviet project because Russia would be outnumbered and outvoted by the Muslim republics. So there was a cultural element. But there was also another one.

Ukraine happened to be the second largest Soviet republic and then post-Soviet state. in terms of population, in terms of the economy, economic potential, and so on and so forth. And, as Yeltsin suggested, close culturally, linguistically, and otherwise to Russia. So, with the second largest republic gone, Russia didn't think that it was in Russia's interest to continue with the Soviet Union.

Ukraine happened to be the second largest Soviet republic and then post-Soviet state. in terms of population, in terms of the economy, economic potential, and so on and so forth. And, as Yeltsin suggested, close culturally, linguistically, and otherwise to Russia. So, with the second largest republic gone, Russia didn't think that it was in Russia's interest to continue with the Soviet Union.