Seth Berkley

Now, the last thing I want to... Part of that is also figuring out how to better understand the immune system, how to understand the stimulation of it, how to measure it in mucosal surfaces and standardize it.

How do you measure it in the lung?

How do you measure it?

So there, again, are efforts to better understand the immune system, to understand the human immunome, to

to look at mucosal-based knowledge, and that will have effects for what we're just talking about, better vaccines, but it'll have broader effects for understanding allergens and dealing with reactive airway disease, et cetera, et cetera.

I think, you know, the important point here is that we don't know where the knowledge will take us.

You know, 20 years ago, we did the human genome.

It's only now that we're really using that knowledge to create therapeutics to do the types of interventions we're talking about.

Yeah, I mean, you know, my optimism comes from science and science and technology, as does yours.

And, you know, it is amazing, the tools.

If you had to think and go back at where we were, in fact, in the epilogue of the book, I kind of, you know, make this point, you know, because my career is long.

Had this outbreak occurred, had this pandemic occurred,

You know, 40 years ago when I started my career, we wouldn't have any of the tools we needed to be able to do this.

I mean, by the way, we didn't talk about the fact that we had to organize the whole bloody campaign and raise the $12.5 billion and work across the world operating virtually, you know, because we were in lockdown.

And so, you know, it's not just the tools in technology.

biologic science.

It was the, you know, the computational tools.

It was, you know, video conferencing.

It was the internet.

It was, you know, all of these things came together, you know, to give us this.