Simon Sebag Montefiore

And that's just a fact in history. It started with the giant migrations. I mean, most history is made by migrations. I think that's an easier way of putting it. Migration is everything in history. When it's a lot of men riding on horses, we call it an invasion. It's an army. But when they take their families along, whether in carriages or on steamed ships, it's a migration.

And that's just a fact in history. It started with the giant migrations. I mean, most history is made by migrations. I think that's an easier way of putting it. Migration is everything in history. When it's a lot of men riding on horses, we call it an invasion. It's an army. But when they take their families along, whether in carriages or on steamed ships, it's a migration.

And all of the world, the world as we know it, is created by that. And so you have these huge civilizations. South America, created by enormous migrations. The United States, which created the greatest nation on Earth. But also Australia, Canada, and so on and so forth. All of these were created by giant movements of people.

And all of the world, the world as we know it, is created by that. And so you have these huge civilizations. South America, created by enormous migrations. The United States, which created the greatest nation on Earth. But also Australia, Canada, and so on and so forth. All of these were created by giant movements of people.

And all of the world, the world as we know it, is created by that. And so you have these huge civilizations. South America, created by enormous migrations. The United States, which created the greatest nation on Earth. But also Australia, Canada, and so on and so forth. All of these were created by giant movements of people.

The Arab world itself was created by giant movements, invasions of people riding across. And so... So the great challenges that we face in the future is also migration. And always, as I said at the beginning, nation states, we decided that's the best form of government for us. It's still very bad, though. It excludes people. Empires didn't exclude people. I'm not arguing for empires. Don't panic.

The Arab world itself was created by giant movements, invasions of people riding across. And so... So the great challenges that we face in the future is also migration. And always, as I said at the beginning, nation states, we decided that's the best form of government for us. It's still very bad, though. It excludes people. Empires didn't exclude people. I'm not arguing for empires. Don't panic.

The Arab world itself was created by giant movements, invasions of people riding across. And so... So the great challenges that we face in the future is also migration. And always, as I said at the beginning, nation states, we decided that's the best form of government for us. It's still very bad, though. It excludes people. Empires didn't exclude people. I'm not arguing for empires. Don't panic.

But nation-states, now, the first one to be created, the first modern nation to be created, 1824, Greece, the Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire. That led to a massive switch of population where people... One doesn't think of this, but half the people in Greece were Muslim. They had to go back to Turkey, what is now Turkey. And the Christians stayed, and they formed the Greek Republic.

But nation-states, now, the first one to be created, the first modern nation to be created, 1824, Greece, the Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire. That led to a massive switch of population where people... One doesn't think of this, but half the people in Greece were Muslim. They had to go back to Turkey, what is now Turkey. And the Christians stayed, and they formed the Greek Republic.

But nation-states, now, the first one to be created, the first modern nation to be created, 1824, Greece, the Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire. That led to a massive switch of population where people... One doesn't think of this, but half the people in Greece were Muslim. They had to go back to Turkey, what is now Turkey. And the Christians stayed, and they formed the Greek Republic.

And the Greek War of Independence invented how modern nation-states were made. They were all made with sort of partitions... nation swaps, because some people didn't belong in the nation. Another example, Ireland, 1921, 1922.

And the Greek War of Independence invented how modern nation-states were made. They were all made with sort of partitions... nation swaps, because some people didn't belong in the nation. Another example, Ireland, 1921, 1922.

And the Greek War of Independence invented how modern nation-states were made. They were all made with sort of partitions... nation swaps, because some people didn't belong in the nation. Another example, Ireland, 1921, 1922.

Turkey, you know, 1922, when the Greeks tried to seize Turkey, the Turks fought back, and all the Greeks, a million Greeks were driven out of what is now Turkey, and they went to Turkey, and more Muslims arrived in Turkey. This is the way they're created, but it's very messy.

Turkey, you know, 1922, when the Greeks tried to seize Turkey, the Turks fought back, and all the Greeks, a million Greeks were driven out of what is now Turkey, and they went to Turkey, and more Muslims arrived in Turkey. This is the way they're created, but it's very messy.

Turkey, you know, 1922, when the Greeks tried to seize Turkey, the Turks fought back, and all the Greeks, a million Greeks were driven out of what is now Turkey, and they went to Turkey, and more Muslims arrived in Turkey. This is the way they're created, but it's very messy.

I think that's right. I think another way to put it is that in the present environment we're in, people don't know much history. And I actually wish we could just ignore history altogether, which is a strange thing to say to someone who lives on... You don't want to say that.

I think that's right. I think another way to put it is that in the present environment we're in, people don't know much history. And I actually wish we could just ignore history altogether, which is a strange thing to say to someone who lives on... You don't want to say that.

I think that's right. I think another way to put it is that in the present environment we're in, people don't know much history. And I actually wish we could just ignore history altogether, which is a strange thing to say to someone who lives on... You don't want to say that.