Tim Coulson

But despite that, we are going to keep listening out and we're going to keep listening to see whether there's any evidence of intelligent life. But what we might find is evidence of simpler life, say bacteria, living on other planets.

But despite that, we are going to keep listening out and we're going to keep listening to see whether there's any evidence of intelligent life. But what we might find is evidence of simpler life, say bacteria, living on other planets.

And there is even some space probes that have gone out to the moons of Jupiter and Saturn to look for evidence of bacterial lives on those moons, because what we do know is liquid water does exist on those moons.

And there is even some space probes that have gone out to the moons of Jupiter and Saturn to look for evidence of bacterial lives on those moons, because what we do know is liquid water does exist on those moons.

And there is even some space probes that have gone out to the moons of Jupiter and Saturn to look for evidence of bacterial lives on those moons, because what we do know is liquid water does exist on those moons.

So I think the way that I would answer that question is probably in a couple of parts. And so we understand what had to happen for life to get started. And there are sort of three things that need to happen. Life is just very complicated chemistry and it's chemistry that can replicate. So it's chemistry that can make copies of itself.

So I think the way that I would answer that question is probably in a couple of parts. And so we understand what had to happen for life to get started. And there are sort of three things that need to happen. Life is just very complicated chemistry and it's chemistry that can replicate. So it's chemistry that can make copies of itself.

So I think the way that I would answer that question is probably in a couple of parts. And so we understand what had to happen for life to get started. And there are sort of three things that need to happen. Life is just very complicated chemistry and it's chemistry that can replicate. So it's chemistry that can make copies of itself.

And there are actually quite simple reactions that can make copies of themselves. They're called autocatalytic reactions. And so we think that life started off as an autocatalytic reaction that became more and more complicated. And we have some ideas why that might happen. The second thing that life needs to get going is energy.

And there are actually quite simple reactions that can make copies of themselves. They're called autocatalytic reactions. And so we think that life started off as an autocatalytic reaction that became more and more complicated. And we have some ideas why that might happen. The second thing that life needs to get going is energy.

And there are actually quite simple reactions that can make copies of themselves. They're called autocatalytic reactions. And so we think that life started off as an autocatalytic reaction that became more and more complicated. And we have some ideas why that might happen. The second thing that life needs to get going is energy.

And the very first life on Earth was almost certainly driven by volcanic energy. It's known as chemosynthesis. So it would have relied on highly reactive molecules that were created by volcanoes. And it used that to power its replication. And then the third thing it needs are membranes to sort of keep it all together, to keep the replicating molecules together.

And the very first life on Earth was almost certainly driven by volcanic energy. It's known as chemosynthesis. So it would have relied on highly reactive molecules that were created by volcanoes. And it used that to power its replication. And then the third thing it needs are membranes to sort of keep it all together, to keep the replicating molecules together.

And the very first life on Earth was almost certainly driven by volcanic energy. It's known as chemosynthesis. So it would have relied on highly reactive molecules that were created by volcanoes. And it used that to power its replication. And then the third thing it needs are membranes to sort of keep it all together, to keep the replicating molecules together.

And those are quite easy to form as well. So given that, we think that simple life probably gets going quite frequently within the universe. There are probably not every planet by any stretch of the imagination. But I think a lot of biologists and a lot of chemists now suspect that life gets going reasonably easily. And it got going quite quickly on Earth once conditions became suitable.

And those are quite easy to form as well. So given that, we think that simple life probably gets going quite frequently within the universe. There are probably not every planet by any stretch of the imagination. But I think a lot of biologists and a lot of chemists now suspect that life gets going reasonably easily. And it got going quite quickly on Earth once conditions became suitable.

And those are quite easy to form as well. So given that, we think that simple life probably gets going quite frequently within the universe. There are probably not every planet by any stretch of the imagination. But I think a lot of biologists and a lot of chemists now suspect that life gets going reasonably easily. And it got going quite quickly on Earth once conditions became suitable.

We had liquid water for that to happen. So we don't think the early Earth was so unusual that life would have got started only on this planet. We suspect it's quite commonplace. Now, if that's the case, the next question is, how long does it need to become complicated? And life has been evolving on Earth for about 4 billion years.

We had liquid water for that to happen. So we don't think the early Earth was so unusual that life would have got started only on this planet. We suspect it's quite commonplace. Now, if that's the case, the next question is, how long does it need to become complicated? And life has been evolving on Earth for about 4 billion years.

We had liquid water for that to happen. So we don't think the early Earth was so unusual that life would have got started only on this planet. We suspect it's quite commonplace. Now, if that's the case, the next question is, how long does it need to become complicated? And life has been evolving on Earth for about 4 billion years.