Tom Grylls

policies and measures like low emission zones or transitions to cleaner industrial processes.

You can sometimes visually see in the city that the amount of pollution coming out the back of a tailpipe or the plume of smoke coming out of the

the brick kiln that you might live nearby has reduced.

And so both in terms of how we're seeing the climate change and how much warming happens up to 2040, up to 2050, but also in terms of how our communities feel like safer and cleaner and more enjoyable places to live and those affected by asthma and COPD and other things able to live healthier and longer lives.

Yeah, and I think the Venn diagram is a great way to visualize this.

So if you took all the different gases and particles that are in the air, where we are right now, where the listeners are right now, there's different levels of all sorts of different gases and particles, and they're interacting with each other in complex ways.

And if we just set them out into a Venn diagram where in one circle you have the

pollutants that are, we know affect climate change.

And on the other circle, we have the pollutants that affect air pollution and therefore our health, our crops, our forests.

You can see that it doesn't make sense always to kind of separate these into two separate boxes.

So you have, often we talk about it like there's the greenhouse gases, which have these long-term global warming impacts, as you say, and then we have these particles and other toxic pollutants, which

We understand that when we breathe them in, they will be detrimental to our health.

But actually, within the chemistry that's happening in the atmosphere, within the sources that are producing these pollutants, there's loads of overlap.

One way to put it is that air pollution and climate change share the same sources, so

Coming out of the back of a tailpipe of a car, you have carbon dioxide, but you also have black carbon.

But then they also share the same species.

So in particular, pollutants like black carbon and tropospheric ozone, they're both...

harmful air pollutants for humans to breathe in, but also when they're in the atmosphere, they contribute to global warming and they have other complex interactions with the climate system.

So this is one of the key benefits of basically looking at that Venn diagram and overlaying a different filter.

And that filter being the definition I mentioned of super pollutants, because it focuses in on