Tom Holland

And there are so many people arriving on the coast now that Pizarro decides we're going to build a new base on the coast, a new city on the coast.

And he picks a site in January 1535.

He wants to call it the City of the Kings, Ciudad de los Reyes.

But it ends up being called after a local oracle.

which in Quechua was called the speaker, or limac, i.e.

Lima.

Now, meanwhile, all these people, as you correctly say, Tom, are turning up, and they want something.

Now, the gold's being distributed, so what Pizarro is giving them is land.

He is giving out huge tracts of land to Spaniards, entire villages, thousands of labourers.

What you would do if you were a settler, you would live in a Spanish townhouse, Spanish built in a Spanish town, a Spanish foundation in Peru, but you would be given huge landed estates outside the town and you would be given hundreds or thousands of workers.

Because remember, there was no private property before this.

There was no private enterprise.

There was basically enforced labour.

You would be given thousands of so-called Indians who are obliged to deliver regular tribute to you.

So this is the encomienda set up that the Spanish have been practicing in the New World since the very beginning.

Yes, especially in Mexico.

And which is so open to abuse.

Exactly.

I hate to use the jargon because I don't like using jargon generally.

But people talk of settler colonialism.