Tracy Drain

recent timescale.

I just heard our lead scientist, Bob Pappalardo, say that they think the moon has been resurfaced as recently as 60 million years ago, plus or minus times two.

Or that the ice is cracking and that water is upwelling and then filling in the surfaces, something like that they believe is happening.

One of the reasons why scientists think that there is a lot of water there is because an earlier mission called Galileo studied the Jupiter environment with its magnetometer and it noticed that Jupiter's magnetic field lines are different

bent and warped around Europa.

And scientists know that here on the Earth, our oceans bend the Earth's magnetic field.

You can see it happen when the tides go in and out.

And that's because they are conductive.

And so you end up getting an interaction with the magnetic field.

And so when scientists think about, well, Jupiter is so far away from the Earth, there's only 4% of the light out there, it's really cold, how could there possibly be water there?

And

The story goes as the moon is orbiting Jupiter, Europa's orbiting Jupiter, its orbit is not quite circular.

So sometimes it's closer to Jupiter, sometimes it's farther away.

And many people know that when you're closer to something, gravity is stronger.

When you're farther away, the gravity is a little weaker.

And so that's like as the moon goes around, it's getting more.

Squeeze a little more and then release and squeeze and release.

And if you ever took a paperclip and bent it back and forth and back and forth until it breaks and you feel the end, it's really warm.

And that's because of the friction of molecules moving together when they are deformed like that.

And scientists think.