Turner Caldwell

You know, people have tried to do autonomy in mining for a long time.

And generally, a lot of companies will just end up, you know, they'll fail, they'll put it on the shelf, or they'll isolate it into a small team that goes and they don't get really tapped again.

And Tesla does a really good job of just like barreling through the challenges as long as the outcome is worth it.

Yeah, I would say that looking at analog industries is a great point.

It's the, you know, for the mining industry, we're in a similar position where we're kind of we've had 35 years of just meaningful attrition in the labor pool.

But the oil and gas sector has a bunch of extremely good talent.

And the software space, you know, a lot of the underlying optimization algorithms that we're writing for our plants, they look very, very similar.

to the optimization algorithms that are in dog walking apps and Uber ride optimization, underwriting loans, ad optimization.

And so there is transferability in the like broader U.S.

talent pool.

What's important is building that talent magnet.

And it's an interesting one for us because, you know, the mining industry, like the villains in every movie are the resource extraction folks.

And so we have to like combat that and kind of say that- Make mining sexy again.

Well, that's right.

I'll go first.

I think if we have a minerals mandate, what we should do is we should look at everything that was done in the last 50 years for oil and gas when we had an energy mandate, and we still have an energy mandate.

And that's a lot of asks boiled down into one.

But there are a lot of tools in the toolkit.

And I think the most important thing is providing the right incentive structure that mobilizes the private capital markets behind these projects so that they're confident that there is a market in the long term.

and that the rug isn't going to get pulled out from under them in an industry that, you know, for the last 30 years really hasn't been built out in the U.S.?