Umair Irfan

There's a lot of room for improvement here in terms of how we use critical minerals now. First is efficiency, that we learn how to use less of the critical minerals for a given object or a

There's a lot of room for improvement here in terms of how we use critical minerals now. First is efficiency, that we learn how to use less of the critical minerals for a given object or a

less lithium or we blend lithium with other compounds and other metals that are more abundant in a lithium ion cell and then we make the existing lithium reserves go further in terms of storing energy one other thing that we should probably think about especially over the long term is recycling because we're not burning critical minerals

less lithium or we blend lithium with other compounds and other metals that are more abundant in a lithium ion cell and then we make the existing lithium reserves go further in terms of storing energy one other thing that we should probably think about especially over the long term is recycling because we're not burning critical minerals

less lithium or we blend lithium with other compounds and other metals that are more abundant in a lithium ion cell and then we make the existing lithium reserves go further in terms of storing energy one other thing that we should probably think about especially over the long term is recycling because we're not burning critical minerals

a lot of them are going to be retained in the devices that we use them. So a lithium ion battery still has all the lithium you use to mine it, even when the battery reaches its end of life.

a lot of them are going to be retained in the devices that we use them. So a lithium ion battery still has all the lithium you use to mine it, even when the battery reaches its end of life.

a lot of them are going to be retained in the devices that we use them. So a lithium ion battery still has all the lithium you use to mine it, even when the battery reaches its end of life.

We can sort of create this closed loop of materials that we can try to use these materials once they reach their end of life, take these devices, pull them apart, get the raw materials back out, and then put them back into circulation in new devices. And that's one of the interesting potentials we have with a lot of these clean technologies.

We can sort of create this closed loop of materials that we can try to use these materials once they reach their end of life, take these devices, pull them apart, get the raw materials back out, and then put them back into circulation in new devices. And that's one of the interesting potentials we have with a lot of these clean technologies.

We can sort of create this closed loop of materials that we can try to use these materials once they reach their end of life, take these devices, pull them apart, get the raw materials back out, and then put them back into circulation in new devices. And that's one of the interesting potentials we have with a lot of these clean technologies.

And that's also an argument for making this more sustainable turn.

And that's also an argument for making this more sustainable turn.

And that's also an argument for making this more sustainable turn.

In a lot of ways, we're going to be locking in the economy for the next 10, 20, 30 years based on what we do now. The process of getting a mine started from identifying a site to when you can actually get stuff out of the ground, that can take 5, 10, 15 years just for a mine to start production. And so we have to start making some of these hard decisions. I mean, obviously...

In a lot of ways, we're going to be locking in the economy for the next 10, 20, 30 years based on what we do now. The process of getting a mine started from identifying a site to when you can actually get stuff out of the ground, that can take 5, 10, 15 years just for a mine to start production. And so we have to start making some of these hard decisions. I mean, obviously...

In a lot of ways, we're going to be locking in the economy for the next 10, 20, 30 years based on what we do now. The process of getting a mine started from identifying a site to when you can actually get stuff out of the ground, that can take 5, 10, 15 years just for a mine to start production. And so we have to start making some of these hard decisions. I mean, obviously...

In some cases, mining does have a big environmental cost, but we have to make that cost-benefit analysis about how these mines could help us obviate and get rid of some of the more destructive forms of mining that are constantly going on today. I'm talking specifically about fossil fuel extraction, things like coal mining, hydraulic fracturing.

In some cases, mining does have a big environmental cost, but we have to make that cost-benefit analysis about how these mines could help us obviate and get rid of some of the more destructive forms of mining that are constantly going on today. I'm talking specifically about fossil fuel extraction, things like coal mining, hydraulic fracturing.

In some cases, mining does have a big environmental cost, but we have to make that cost-benefit analysis about how these mines could help us obviate and get rid of some of the more destructive forms of mining that are constantly going on today. I'm talking specifically about fossil fuel extraction, things like coal mining, hydraulic fracturing.