Wendy Zukerman

So for that, we do actually have studies in real people.

And this review paper concluded that smoking and vaping are equally bad for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and metabolic dysfunction.

Wow.

That's stuff that can lead to like diabetes and stuff.

Wow.

And that's a pretty big deal.

And so from Bernard's perspective, if he's pretty sure that vaping is on its own cancer-causing, and this other body of research says vaping on its own is heart disease-causing, boom, like death to vaping.

Why is vaping so bad for your heart?

One reason is that nicotine itself is a vasoconstrictor, so it could, like, tighten your blood vessels, and you can imagine how that would be bad for your cardiovascular system.

Yeah, and vapes have a surprisingly high amount of nicotine in them.

Yes, and getting higher all the time.

Like, there are studies that have found that the cartridges in vapes are bigger and contain higher percentage of nicotine than they used to.

Whoa.

And so, like, Wendy, I have to tell you that this review paper I just mentioned did also get a lot of criticism.

Right.

All kinds of things people said about, like, oh, they didn't account for the fact that...

People might have been former smokers and switched to vaping because they got sick and they needed to switch.

Right.

The authors do argue back, like, hey, we tried to adjust for a lot of these things and da-da-da-da.

We think we've seen something real here.