Whitney Pennington-Rogers

So I'm curious what you both think as far as how immigration has affected our identities and the way we think about about who we are.

And maybe, Sonia, we can start with you.

And Zeke, what have you found in this space?

How is this changing our sense of self?

Now, I think to this point, we've largely talked about the effects of migration from what feels like a positive lens, maybe some of the benefits that are not often highlighted in the media.

But I'd love to hear from both of you, because I know you both acknowledge in your work that there are some negative social effects of migration.

beyond just, you know, these positive implications.

And so what are, what are some of these major negative effects and how do you think we can work to reduce them?

So maybe Sonia, let's start with you.

And what about you, Zeke?

What have you seen as some of the negatives?

Yeah.

That's great.

And I definitely do want us to, at the end, sort of get to a place of talking about how do we redesign some of this and rethink this.

But before we even get there, I know that there's so much that you've already sort of touched on in thinking about where things are headed and how the future might unfold.

And so taking into account things like, you know, Sonia, you touched on climate change, and I know that your work in many ways is thinking about migration as a result of climate change or

as it's affected by climate change.

But then, of course, other things like conflict and you look at declining birth rates, which you touched on, Zeke, and what that booms in other places.

How do you predict migration will change in the coming decade or even century if you're looking out further?

And Sonia, I'd love you to start since you have such a great historical sense of how migration has played out over the course of humanity.