William Costello

So the way we describe it is that genes hold culture on a leash and culture is a biological output.

And yeah, ultimately, I do think you're right.

We'll neither the mate preference won't shift or it won't shift very fast anyway or in great numbers.

And also just the personality inclination of males to be interested in being that involved in the home.

Humans are a remarkable ape in that the male invests as much as it does.

But you're right to point out that males invest far less than women do.

So, yeah, perhaps it is as bleak as we might think.

So the main role of fathers outside of just the bodyguard hypothesis of protecting is teaching and teaching by action.

So men are very good at kind of the rough and tumble and learning that way and kind of

making children feel safe kind of thing and encouraging them to take risks and go out and learn about the world.

Whereas women would be more risk averse and be like, oh, don't take a risk.

Don't cycle your bike out in the street.

Come on, you know, just very much keep safe, safety conscious.

Whereas men are kind of like encouraging the child.

It fortifies the child with an ability to navigate the world safely.

in a way that the safetyism of female typical parenting doesn't.

So I think that's a huge one.

And if we look at the kind of the current malaise of teenagers or young people, they're exactly this problem.

They're safety conscious, safety is the paramount value of all values, and they just don't take risks.

So that could be lacking.