碳笑风生

第4期：碳中和”差生”：农业部门的可持续发展

10 May 2021

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第4期：碳中和”差生”：农业部门的可持续发展本期是我们第一次邀请专业嘉宾来做客我们的节目。这一期我们邀请到了郭怡鑫博士，她本科毕业于北京大学物理学院大气系，博士毕业于普林斯顿大学公共与国际事务学院，目前是北京大学和奥地利国际应用系统中心联合培养博士后 (http://scholar.pku.edu.cn/acaq/yixin)。她立足于空气污染模拟，与很多学科的学者（农学、环境经济学、流行病学等）合作从事了跨学科研究。她将与我们一起漫谈农业部门对气候变化和大气污染贡献，以及这其中涉及到的技术、经济、科学和政策问题。食物系统产生了全球¼-⅓ 的温室气体排放，虽然全球气候变化减缓有去讨论农业部门的角色，它在中国碳中和目标的设定和讨论中关注尚少。而农业由于它涉及多重环境经济问题，目前在全球各国政策监管中也是类似于睡美人的存在，它的减排的潜力和评估方法仍有很多不确定性。今天的播客我们就来聊聊农业这个环境保护考场中的差生还需要做什么功课迎头赶上。【本期内容】第一部分：农业对气候变化的影响00:56 嘉宾自我介绍：研究什么和为什么研究05:15 农业的温室气体排放：供应链上的直接排放和土地利用改变的间接排放12:30 如何减少农业温室气体排放？14:30 震惊！三分之一的食物都被损失和浪费了20:50 脑洞大开：牛肉有可能碳中和吗第二部分：农业对大气污染的贡献：种地也会导致雾霾？22:40 种了几千年地，怎么农业还贡献雾霾了？26:10 农业氨气减排：成本、效益和多影响的考量（拓展阅读嘉宾的Nature Food 文章：https://rdcu.be/b8v30）28:10 中国的农业氮素利用：只有四分之一的总氮投入最终进入了作物收获的部分！31:08 施肥越多，产量就越高吗？如何更专业的增产减排？38:24 上山下乡：科研工作者、农民、政府和化肥企业的合作41:50 中国的农业氮素管理政策：进步、挑战和未来展望44:31 农业的排放有可能监测监管吗？最后讨论47:40 科研工作者如何就专业内容对话公众和政府？54:35 我们第一次邀请嘉宾的感受。小彩蛋：BGM由嘉宾提供致谢:本文中提供的所有见解同与不同单位的许多老师和同学们的沟通交流密不可分，在这里不一一列出，怡鑫感谢他们的无私分享和悉心指导！参考文献：Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Searchinger, T. D., Zhou, M., Pan, D., Yang, J., ... & Mauzerall, D. L. (2020). Air quality, nitrogen use efficiency and food security in China are improved by cost-effective agricultural nitrogen management. Nature Food, 1(10), 648-658. （online pdf accessible at https://rdcu.be/b8v30) Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 1-12.Smith K. & Searchinger T (2012), “Crop-based biofuels and associated environmental concerns,” Glob. Ch. Biol. Bioenergy 4:479-484Hong, C., Burney, J. A., Pongratz, J., Nabel, J. E., Mueller, N. D., Jackson, R. B., & Davis, S. J. (2021). Global and regional drivers of land-use emissions in 1961–2017. Nature, 589(7843), 554-561.Frank, S., Havlík, P., Stehfest, E., van Meijl, H., Witzke, P., Pérez-Domínguez, I., ... & Valin, H. (2019). Agricultural non-CO 2 emission reduction potential in the context of the 1.5 C target. Nature Climate Change, 9(1), 66-72.Roe, S., Streck, C., Obersteiner, M., Frank, S., Griscom, B., Drouet, L., ... & Lawrence, D. (2019). Contribution of the land sector to a 1.5 C world. Nature Climate Change, 9(11), 817-828.Searchinger, T. D., Wirsenius, S., Beringer, T., & Dumas, P. (2018). Assessing the efficiency of changes in land use for mitigating climate change. Nature, 564 (7735), 249-253.Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012). Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature, 485(7397), 229-232.Clark, M. A., Domingo, N. G., Colgan, K., Thakrar, S. K., Tilman, D., Lynch, J., ... & Hill, J. D. (2020). Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2° C climate change targets. Science, 370(6517), 705-708.Zhang, X. et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature 528, 51–59 (2015).Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), 987-992.Eshel, G., Shepon, A., Makov, T., and Milo, R. (2014). Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 11996–12001.Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., Otterdijk, R., and Meybeck, A. (2011). Global food losses and food waste (Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology and FAO) available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2697e.pdf.Zhang, F., Chen, X. & Vitousek, P. An experiment for the world. Nature 497, 33–35 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/497033aCui, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, C., Ma, W., Huang, C., ... & Dou, Z. (2018). Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature, 555(7696), 363-366.Zhang, W. et al. Closing yield gaps in China by empowering smallholder farmers. Nature 537, 671–674 (2016).碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题，特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、QQ音乐、Podcast等平台收听我们，我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、转场、结尾音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.

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3ª PARTE | 17 DIC 2025 | EL PARTIDAZO DE COPE

01 Jan 1970

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13:00H | 20 DIC 2025 | Fin de Semana

01 Jan 1970

Fin de Semana

12:00H | 20 DIC 2025 | Fin de Semana

01 Jan 1970

Fin de Semana

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碳笑风生

第4期：碳中和”差生”：农业部门的可持续发展

This episode hasn't been transcribed yet

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3ª PARTE | 17 DIC 2025 | EL PARTIDAZO DE COPE

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