Anatomy and Physiology - Bit by Bit
Episodes
Re-Air: Body Organization and Anatomical Terminology: Episode 1
09 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This Bonus Episode is a re-boot of Episode 1 from back in 2019. The basis for Human Anatomy & Physiology is how the body is organized and the anat...
Evolution Explained - Episode 80
26 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The goal of episode 80 is to explain the process of evolution and natural selection through the lens of the scientific method. If you’re not sure ex...
Genetics and Heredity for A&P - Episode 79
18 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 79 covers Genetics and Heredity for A&P. This is an accessible discussion of genetics for anyone interested in a general overview of genes and...
Exercise Physiology and Personal Trainer April Hattori of Yes2Next - Episode 78
17 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the physiology of exercise. What happens to our body when we are exercising and what happens after? How do different kinds of exer...
Aging Part 2 - Episode 77
03 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 77 is the second half of my coverage of aging and senescence. We talk about the effect of aging on the immune, respiratory, urinary, digestive...
Aging Part 1 - Episode 76
25 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 76 is Part 1 of Aging and Senescence. We discuss what happens to our body systems, one at a time, during the aging process. We cover osteoporo...
Pregancy Complications and the Neonatal Period PLUS Integrative Medicine with Dr. Julia Helstrom - Episode 75
19 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 75 covers the most common complications in pregnancy as well as the neonatal period for a newborn. I discuss gestational diabetes, preeclampsi...
Pregnancy & Childbirth Plus Anatomical Cheatsheets - Episode 74
12 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 74 covers the changes to an expectant birth-mother’s body during pregnancy and the process of childbirth. I also talked with Michelle Shaw, ...
Organogenesis and Fetal Development - Dr. Christy Kestner - Episode 73
04 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 73 continues embryology with organogenesis and fetal development. I also share my conversation with neuroscientist Dr. Christy Kestner, PhD. W...
Fertilization and Embryogenesis - Plus Science Writer Sam Kean - Episode 72
28 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 72 begins our discussion of human development with fertilization and embryogenesis. It also includes my conversation with award-winning, best-...
Egg Cell Formation, Menstrual Cycle, and Birth Control - Plus @wittyanatomy_ (Dr. Ana Paula Benaduce) - Episode 71
21 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 71 covers the formation egg cells, the sexual cycle of biological females (ovarian cycle & menstrual cycle), and how birth control pills work....
Female Reproductive Anatomy, Puberty, and Menopause - Episode 70
15 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 70 begins our discussion of the female reproductive system. We cover gross anatomy, histology, puberty, and menopause. We also discuss cervica...
Reproductive System of Biological Males - Episode 69
07 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 69 covers the anatomy and physiology of the biological male’s reproductive system. Internal and external anatomy, spermatogenesis, puberty, ...
Sex, Gender, & Reproduction - Episode 68 (with Special Guest Dr. Kevin Patton)
31 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 68 begins our discussion of the reproductive systems, starting with the basics of sexual reproduction, meiosis, sex, gender, and the biologica...
Lipid & Protein Metabolism and Metabolic Rate/State - Episode 67
24 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 67 finishes the discussion of metabolism with the specifics of lipid and protein metabolism, metabolic states, and metabolic rate. We also dis...
Carbohydrate Metabolism/Dietary Recommendations - Episode 66
15 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 66 begins our discussion of metabolism. I cover the general concept and carbohydrate metabolism specifically. Special thanks to Brittany for a...
Nutrition Part 3 - Episode 65
08 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 65 finishes our discussion of nutrition with vitamin and mineral deficiencies and toxicities, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Special ...
Nutrition Part 2 and Neurologist Dr. David Kaufman - Episode 64
01 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Today’s episode continues our discussion of nutrition, covering serum lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. I also had the pleasure of talking w...
Nutrition Part 1- Episode 63
24 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 63 begins my discussion of nutrition. I cover the general introduction to what nutrition is as well as the difference between macronutrients a...
Large Intestine, Motility, Blood Supply plus SHARPEN- Episode 62
12 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 62 finishes up the digestive system with the large intestine, intestinal motility, and blood supply. I also talked with the good people at Sha...
Small Intestine & Accessory Organs, plus Dr. Jessica Knurick- Episode 61
05 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode, we continue on with the digestive system, discussing the small intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and chemical digestion. I als...
The Stomach and @My.anatomy.teacher- Episode 60
19 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the stomach. Gross anatomy, histology, motility, secretion, etc. I also had the pleasure of talking with TikTok and Instagram's @m...
Digestive System Intro/Autoimmune Disease - Episode 59
08 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode begins the digestive system by covering the functions, general anatomy and histology, the mouth, esophagus, and swallowing. I also discus...
Adaptive Immunity (3rd Line of Defense) - Episode 58
21 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers adaptive immunity. This includes cellular immunity and humoral immunity. It's the reason you don't get chicken pox twice and why v...
Immunity's 2nd Line of Defense- Episode 57
02 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 57 continues with the immune system, specifically the 2nd Line of Defense. That includes leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammation, and...
Immune System and Learning Strategies- Episode 56
11 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode begins our discussion of the immune system. I also talk to Dr. Michael Koot of McGraw-Hill Education about learning strategies students c...
Urinary Part 3 (Kidney Stones)- Episode 55
28 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 55 finishes up the Urinary System, and I answer a listener's question about kidney stones. Thank you, Sarah, from the UK, for sending me your ...
Urinary System Part 2 (The Nephron)- Episode 54
06 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Today's episode continues our discussion of the urinary system with the nephron, including glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular se...
Urinary System Part 1 / Doing Good & Doing Well- Episode 53
27 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 53 begins our discussion of the urinary system, including general functions and anatomy. The urinary system does so much more than just making...
Respiratory Physiology/Dental Hygiene- Episode 52
18 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the concepts of respiration, including gas exchange, the laws that govern it, partial pressure, carbon dioxide transport, and oxyh...
Respiratory Anatomy, Spirometry, & Medical Assisting - Episode 51
11 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 51 begins the Respiratory System by discussing its anatomy as well as lung volumes and capacities. It also includes my conversation with David...
Lymphatic Tissues and Organs- Episode 50
27 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode continues the lymphatic system with discussion of lymphatic tissues and organs, including the spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes. T...
Lymph & Lymphatic Vessels- Episode 49
19 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Today's episode begins the lymphatic system. I posted an image on Instagram that may help you follow along with some of the anatomy talk. I also answe...
The Cardiac Cycle- Episode 48
31 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the Cardiac Cycle, which is everything that happens in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next ...
Heart (Electrical Activity)- Episode 47
17 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 47 covers the electrical activity of the heart as well as explains the ECG. The heart is unique that it generates and conducts its own electri...
Heart (Cardiac Muscle) - Episode 46
24 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the histology of cardiac muscle tissue including how some cardiac muscle cells generate their own electrical signals. This is how ...
Heart (Gross Anatomy) - Episode 45
09 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 45 covers the gross anatomy of the heart. Whether your in a cadaver lab, dissecting an animal heart, using models, or a digital anatomy progra...
Capillary Exchange - Episode 44
11 Jun 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers capillary exchange, the way our blood delivers and receives materials to and from the tissues. I also invite you to listen to conv...
Blood Pressure - Episode 43
17 Apr 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Today's episode is about blood pressure. It's not just something we avoid, it's essential for our circulatory system to function. We focus on hydrosta...
Blood Vessel Anatomy - Episode 42
25 Mar 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Today we tackle the anatomy of blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries, oh my! What are they made of? What does that tissue do? What's the dif...
Skydiving Accident Survivor - Jason Dennen - Episode 41
18 Mar 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In 2018, triathlete and skydiver Jason Dennen was in a catastrophic skydiving accident that put him in a coma for 8 days, broke 20 bones, damaged seve...
Leukocytes and Platelets - Episode 40
11 Mar 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Today's episode focuses on white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes). We touch on their formation, anatomy, and function. We also di...
Blood, Erythrocytes, & Blood Type - Episode 39
05 Mar 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode, we begin our coverage of the circulatory system with some general information, functions, and an introduction to blood. We discuss re...
Other Hormones - Episode 38
27 Feb 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 38 covers the rest of the hormones we"ll be discussing, including those from the pineal, thymus, skin, heart, bones, muscles, and more. A...
Pancreas And Adrenal Glands - Episode 37
21 Feb 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 37 covers the endocrine portion of the pancreas as well as the adrenal glands. These two important endocrine glands are incredibly clinically ...
Thyroid & Parathyroid - Episode 36
12 Feb 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode we get into the specifics of the thyroid and parathyroid glands as well as their hormones and conditions associated with them, like hy...
Hypothalamus And Pituitary - Episode 35
05 Feb 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode is a deep dive into the hypothalamus and the pituitary. There are 70+ hormones in the body and these two small structures are responsible...
Hormone Action - Episode 34
29 Jan 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This episode discusses how hormones take action on their target cells. We look at both lipid soluble and water soluble hormones and their subclasses. ...
Endocrine System Intro - Episode 33
22 Jan 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 33 introduces the endocrine system and its functions. We discuss hormones, their chemical makeup, and how they're secreted and transported. Th...
Balance & Equilibrium - Episode 32
18 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 32 continues with the ear, covering balance and equilibrium. We discuss what vertigo is, the symptoms, and how it's treated. I also have a con...
Hearing - Episode 31
11 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the anatomy of the ear and the physiology of hearing. I also discuss the physics of sound waves and how we convert sound waves to ...
Vision - Episode 30
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 30 covers the anatomy of the eye, image formation, visual reflexes, and the neural pathway of vision. I also had the privilege of speaking wit...
Smell And Taste - Episode 29
27 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 29 continues with sensation by covering the chemical senses: olfaction (smell) and gustation (taste). You'll also get to hear my conversation ...
General Senses - Episode 28
20 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 28 begins our discussion of sensation, the last nervous system topic. We focus on general senses, saving special senses for the next episode. ...
Autonomic Nervous System Part 2 - Episode 27
13 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 27 finishes up the autonomic nervous system, discussing the neurotransmitters of the ANS, dual innervation, and central control. It also inclu...
Autonomic Nervous System Part 1 - Episode 26
06 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 26 begins our discussion of the autonomic nervous system, our fight-or-flight and rest-and-digest control. The autonomic nervous system mediat...
Human Brain Part 5 (Brainstem, Diencephalon, Cerebellum) - Episode 25
30 Oct 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 25 is the final brain episode covering the brainstem, diencephalon, and cerebellum. These are the more primitive parts of our brain controllin...
Human Brain Part 4 (Cerebrum) - Episode 24
26 Oct 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 24 covers the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. But first, my conversation with Dr. Bee Heeney-Stemple, professor of Anatomy & Phys...
Human Brain Part 3 (Meninges And CSF) - Episode 23
23 Feb 2023
Contributed by Lukas
After an almost 2 1/2 year hiatus, the return episode covers the basics of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system. Check o...
Human Brain Part 2 (Brain Barriers And Cranial Nerves) - Episode 22
09 Nov 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the brain barrier system that protects the brain tissue from harmful agents that can be found in our blood. I also discuss cranial...
Human Brain Part 1 - Episode 21
23 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Episode 21 begins our journey into the anatomy and physiology of the human brain, starting, of course, with anatomy. It also marks our first episode w...
Spinal Nerves And Reflexes - Episode 20
14 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode, I continue on with the nervous system and spinal cord, discussing spinal nerves, plexuses, and reflexes. I also answered a listener's...
Spinal Cord - Episode 19
10 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the spinal cord anatomy and a little bit of function. I also discuss how spinal tracts are named, and I answer a question about my...
Nervous System Part 2 - Episode 18
06 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers everything you need to know about the nerve signal. This includes the resting membrane potential in neurons as well as local and a...
Nervous System Part 1 - Episode 17
02 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the basics of the nervous system and the anatomy of neurons and nerve tissue. It is an essential introduction to the nervous syste...
Understanding Anatomy & Physiology: 5 Simple Rules - Bonus Episode
20 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
I like to tell my students there are five rules to understanding anatomy & physiology. If you have these down, they will help explain everything i...
Muscle Tissue Part 3 - Episode 16
14 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode discusses the way neurons innervate skeletal muscles and they manner in which skeletal muscles shorten to move the skeleton, regulate mov...
Muscle Tissue Part 2 - Episode 15
30 Jun 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the anatomy of skeletal muscle cells. From the sarcolemma to the sarcomere to the myofilaments, this information is crucial to und...
Muscle Tissue Part 1 - Episode 14
18 Jun 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode discusses the three types of muscle tissue, the characteristics that all muscle tissue types share, the functions of muscle tissue, and i...
Bone Formation and Growth (Skeletal Part 3) - Episode 13
09 Jun 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the embryonic formation of bones and how bones grow in length, diameter, and thickness after birth. Check out my Instagram...
Bones, Remodeling, & Calcium (Skeletal System Part 2) - Episode 12
29 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the difference between compact bone and spongy bone, Wolff's Law, and calcium homeostasis. Check out my Instagram acco...
Mythbusters: A&P Edition - Bonus Episode
13 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Is blood blue? How many ribs do men & women have? Do we really have 5 senses? What's so funny about the funny bone? This bonus episode is dedicate...
Bone Tissue (Skeletal System- Part 1) - Episode 11
11 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode introduces the skeletal system with a topic overview and discussion of the histology of osseous tissue. Check out my Instagram...
Skin Color (Integumentary 2) - Episode 10
08 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the physiological basis of skin, hear color, and eye color. Check out my Instagram account and Youtube cha...
Skin and Accessory Structures (Integumentary 1) - Episode 9
04 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the general basics of the integumentary system including functions, the cells and layers of the epidermis, the dermis and cutaneou...
Histology - Episode 8
01 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the study of tissues, histological sections, and the four primary tissue classes. You can check out my Instagram and ...
DNA Replication And Cell Cycle - Episode 7
26 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers DNA replication and the cell cycle. You can check out my Instagram and Youtube for more A&P content to...
DNA Structure And Protein Synthesis - Episode 6
23 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers DNA structure and protein synthesis. You can check out my Instagram and Youtube for more A&P content t...
The Cytoplasm - Episode 5
20 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode is a brief overview of the cytoplasm. You can check out my Instagram and Youtube for more A&P content to help...
Specifics Of Membrane Transport - Episode 4
20 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode gets specific about diffusion, osmosis, and carrier-mediated transport across the cell's plasma membrane. You can check out my Inst...
Cells And The Plasma Membrane - Episode 3
17 Oct 2019
Contributed by Lukas
This episode introduces the cell and discusses the plasma membrane in detail. You can check out my Instagram and Youtube for m...
Homeostasis - Episode 2
14 Sep 2019
Contributed by Lukas
This episode covers the main principles of homeostasis, the way our bodies maintain a consistent internal environment despite living in an inconsisten...
Body Organization - Episode 1
13 Sep 2019
Contributed by Lukas
This episode discusses the difference between anatomy and physiology as well as the way the human body is organized from atoms all the way up to the w...