Bloomberg Surveillance

Surveillance: Growth Acceleration with Dutta

30 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Neil Dutta, Renaissance Macro Head of US Economics Research, says real economic growth is accelerating in the US. Wei Li, BlackRock Global Chief Inves...

Surveillance: Fed Pause with Dudley

29 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bill Dudley, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist & Former New York Fed President, sees the Fed pausing rate hikes once they get to a 5.25-5.5% range and t...

Surveillance: Covid Zero with Weinstein

28 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Brian Weinstein, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Head of Global Fixed Income, says that, from an investment perspective, the protests in China ar...

Surveillance: China Troubles with Mueller-Glissmann

25 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Christian Mueller-Glissmann, Goldman Sachs Multi Asset Strategist, says China's path forward is going to be incredibly bumpy. Kit Juckes, Societe Gene...

Surveillance: Fed History with Blinder

23 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Alan Blinder, Princeton University Professor of Economics & "A Monetary & Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021" author, expects to...

Surveillance: OECD's Growth Prediction

22 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Alvaro Pereira, OECD Acting Chief Economist, predicts global growth will slow to 2.2% in 2023. Dana Peterson, Conference Board Chief Economist, says t...

Surveillance: Crypto Contagion with Tchir

21 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Peter Tchir, Academy Securities Head of Macro Strategy, sees Bitcoin below $10,000. Kathryn Kaminski, AlphaSimplex Chief Research Strategist, says we ...

Surveillance: US Resiliency with Fillion

18 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jean-Yves Fillion, BNP Paribas USA CEO, says the US economy is the most resilient in the world. David Bailin, Citi Global Wealth Chief Investment Offi...

Surveillance: Ryding's Central Bank Critique terminal: Surveillance: Ryding's Central Bank Critique (Podcast)

17 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

John Ryding, Brean Capital Chief Economic Advisor, says central banks have made inflation worse. Ian Lyngen, BMO Capital Markets Head of US Rates Stra...

Surveillance: Rocket Hit in Poland

16 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Admiral James Stavridis, Former Supreme Allied Commander at NATO, says the rocket hit in Poland was a wake-up call about the war. Elliot Ackerman, F...

Surveillance: Recession Risk with Moec

15 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Gilles Moec, AXA Investment Managers Chief Economist, says Europe is sliding into a recession. Linda Duessel, Federated Hermes Senior Equity Strategis...

Surveillance: Tech is Tricky, says Kaiser

14 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Stuart Kaiser, Citi Head of US Equity Trading Strategy, says easing rates won't be enough to revive big tech. Diane Swonk, KPMG, Chief Economist, says...

Surveillance: Soft Landing with Slok

11 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Torsten Slok, Apollo Management Chief Economist, says the Fed might actually be able to achieve a soft landing. Ben Laidler, eToro Global Markets Stra...

Surveillance: US Inflation Cools

10 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Matthew Luzzetti, Deutsche Bank Securities Chief US Economist, says there's evidence we are moving away from peak inflation. Kathy Jones, Charles Schw...

Surveillance: Investment Time with Kelly

09 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

David Kelly, JPMorgan Asset Management Chief Global Strategist, says it's time to get invested. Ebrahim Rahbari, Citi Chief Currency Strategist, says ...

Surveillance: US Midterm Elections

08 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bruce Kasman, JPMorgan Chief Economist & Head of Global Economic Research, says the inflation spike of the past year and a half is not primarily a...

Surveillance: Economy Weighs on Midterms

07 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Alan Ruskin, Deutsche Bank Chief International Strategist, discusses outlook and market implications if the US midterms yield a divided government. We...

Surveillance: US Jobs Data Gives Mixed Signals

04 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Marty Walsh, US Secretary of Labor, discusses the October jobs report. Tiffany Wilding, PIMCO Chief US Economist, weighs the Federal Reserve's next mo...

Surveillance: Powell Crushes Pivot Hopes, BOE Hikes

03 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Dominic Konstam, Mizuho Americans Head of Macro Strategy, says the Federal Reserve must be cautious. Winnie Cisar, CreditSights Global Head of Credit ...

Chief Future Officer: Brian Savoy, Duke Energy

03 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. This episode ...

Surveillance: Investors Brace for Fed Rate Decision

02 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Peter Oppenheimer, Goldman Sachs Chief Global Equity Strategist, say it's too premature for markets to be pricing peak interest rates. Ed Morse, Citig...

Surveillance: Fed Downshift with Emanuel

01 Nov 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Julian Emanuel, Evercore ISI Equity Derivatives & Quantitative Strategist, thinks the Fed is about to downshift. Amos Hochstein, Special President...

Surveillance: Fed Expectations with Hollenhorst

31 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Andrew Hollenhorst, Citi Chief Us Economist, says he wouldn't be surprised if the Fed's policy rate ends up above 5%. Amrita Sen, Energy Aspects Hea...

Surveillance: Earnings Scorecard with Goldman's Kostin

28 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Kathryn Kaminski, AlphaSimplex Chief Research Strategist, says nobody knows what the market is or should do going forward given the complexity of the ...

Surveillance: Soft Global Economy with Sheets

27 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Nathan Sheets, Citi Global Chief Economist, says the global economy is looking soft. Carl Weinberg, High Frequency Economics Chief Economist & Man...

Surveillance: End of the Bear Market with Wilson

26 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Wilson, Morgan Stanley Chief US Equity Strategist, says the bear market will probably be over sometime in the first quarter of 2023. Neil Dutta, ...

Surveillance: Megathreats with Roubini

25 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Nouriel Roubini, Roubini MacroAssociates CEO & 'Megathreats' Author, discusses the "megathreats" facing the US economy. Jean Boivin, Head of the B...

Surveillance: Market Volatility with Schumacher

24 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Schumacher, Wells Fargo Global Head of Macro Strategy, says a slowdown is coming. Lara Rhame, FS Investments Chief US Economist, says markets hav...

Surveillance: Real Yields with HSBC's Major

21 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Steven Major, HSBC Global Head of Fixed Income Research, says real yields are back. Alicia Levine, BNY Mellon Wealth Management Head of Equities &...

Surveillance: UK's Truss Resigns

20 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Michael Purves, Tallback Capital Advisors CEO & Founder; Nicholas Bennenbroek, Wells Fargo International Economist; and Neil Shearing, Capital Eco...

Surveillance: US Oil Reserves

19 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Brian Deese, National Economic Council Director, says all options are on the table when it comes to a potential ban on diesel exports. Scott Kirby, Un...

Surveillance: Earnings Bar with Bitterly

18 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Kristen Bitterly, Citi Global Wealth Management Head of North America Investments, says the earnings bar has been revised down. Jerome Schneider, PIMC...

Surveillance: Rate Stability with Allianz CEO

17 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Oliver Bäte, Allianz CEO, says investors are underestimating liquidity traps. Bob Miller, BlackRock Head of Americas Fundamental Fixed Income, says r...

Surveillance: UK Crisis

14 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Gita Gopinath, IMF First Deputy Managing Director, says nations are in for a “rocky ride” as they adjust to dollar strength. Raghuram Rajan, Forme...

Surveillance: US Inflation Surge

13 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Brian Deese, National Economic Council Director, says we need to make progress on rising food prices. Kristalina Georgieva, IMF Managing Director, say...

Surveillance: IIF Annual Meeting

12 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Tim Adams, Institute of International Finance President and CEO, says central bankers are facing their toughest job yet. Axel Weber, Institute of Inte...

Surveillance: Greenwich Economic Forum

11 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Governor Ned Lamont, (D) Connecticut, says Connecticut is prepared for an economic downturn. Jim Zelter, Apollo Global Co-President, says high-yield n...

Surveillance: Fed Owes Mea Culpa, Says Dudley

10 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bill Dudley, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, says the Fed owes the world a mea culpa. Seema Shah,  Principal Asset Management Chief Global Strategist, s...

Surveillance: Jobs Bolster Fed’s Hawkish Playbook

07 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Marty Walsh, US Secretary of Labor, discusses the September employment report. Tiffany Wilding, PIMCO Chief US Economist, weighs the Federal Reserve's...

Surveillance: Fixed Income Opportunities

06 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Marilyn Watson, BlackRock Head of Global Fundamental Fixed Income Strategy, sees "huge opportunities" in fixed income. Stephen Schork, The Schork Grou...

Chief Future Officer: Melanie Kreis, DPDHL Group

06 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's m...

Surveillance: Payrolls with Gapen

05 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Michael Gapen, Bank of America Chief US Economist, says the payroll number is the only one that matters in November. Christyan Malek, JPMorgan Global ...

Surveillance: Certain Recession with Laidler

04 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Ben Laidler, eToro Global Markets Strategist, says we're almost certainly going into a recession. Jordan Rochester, Nomura International G-10 FX Strat...

Surveillance: The Fed & the Labor Market

03 Oct 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bruce Kasman, JPMorgan Chief Economist and Head of Global Economic Research calls it “appropriate” for the Federal Reserve to target a softening o...

Surveillance: UK Fiscal Plan

30 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Andrew Griffith, UK Financial Secretary to the Treasury and City Minister, says the UK Government, the OBR and the Bank of England are all working in ...

Surveillance: Oil Feedback Loop with Currie

29 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jeff Currie, Goldman Sachs, Global Head of Commodities Research, says oil markets are caught in a vicious negative feedback loop. Michael Spence, Nobe...

Surveillance: BOE Bond-Buying with Blanchflower

28 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Danny Blanchflower, Dartmouth College Professor of Economics and Former BOE Monetary Policy Committee Member, says UK markets are now in chaos. Katrin...

Surveillance: UK Credibility with Diamond

27 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bob Diamond, Atlas Merchant Capital Founding Partner & CEO, says the British government needs to restore its credibility with debt investors if it...

Surveillance: UK Market Selloff Slams Gilts, Pound

26 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Russ Koesterich, BlackRock Global Allocation Fund Portfolio Manager, remains cautious on risk and underweight stocks. Kallum Pickering, Berenberg Seni...

Surveillance: Navigating Sea of Red With Evercore’s Emanuel

23 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Julian Emanuel, Evercore ISI Chief Equity & Quantitative Strategist, says uncertainty in the markets is approaching critical levels. Steven Englan...

Surveillance: Global Hike Race With Abby Joseph Cohen

22 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Danny Blanchflower, Dartmouth Professor & Former BOE Policy Committee Member, warns of an economic disaster ahead. Lisa Shalett, Morgan Stanley We...

Surveillance: Earnings Story with Wilson

21 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Wilson, Morgan Stanley Chief US Equity Strategist, says he is much more focused more on the earnings story than the Fed. Michael Pond, Barclays H...

Surveillance: Fed Tightening with Jones

20 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Kathy Jones, Charles Schwab Chief Fixed Income Strategist, says it's unsustainable to have the Fed hiking rates at a very rapid rate with the economy ...

Surveillance: Equity Risk with Stubbs

19 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

David Stubbs, JPMorgan Private Bank Global Head of Cross-Asset Thematic Strategy, says there are plenty of ways to meet your financial goals without t...

Surveillance: Earnings Revision with Sheets

16 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Andrew Sheets Morgan Stanley Chief Cross Asset Strategist, says we are into the thick of what we think is going to be a disappointing earnings revisio...

Surveillance: Sen. Toomey Talks Rail Deal, Inflation & Crypto

15 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Senator Pat Toomey, a Pennsylvania Republican and Ranking Member of the Senate Banking Committee, reacts to US railroads and union negotiators reach...

Chief Future Officer: Katie Fogertey, Shake Shack

15 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's m...

Surveillance: Persistent Inflation with Li

14 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Wei Li, BlackRock Global Chief Investment Strategist, says Europe is heading for a recession this year and one is likely in the US next year as well. ...

Surveillance: US Inflation Tops Estimates

13 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jay Bryson, Wells Fargo Chief Economist, says today's inflation report removes all doubt about the Fed hiking 75 basis points at their next meeting. D...

Surveillance: Market Optimism with Kaminski

12 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Bob Miller, BlackRock Head of Americas Fundamental Fixed Income, explains why he thinks yields are now reasonable. Kathryn Kaminski, Alphasimplex Grou...

Surveillance: Remembering Queen Elizabeth II

09 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

John Micklethwait, Bloomberg Editor-in-Chief, reflects on the legacy of Queen Elizabeth II. Mohamed El-Erian, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist & Queens...

Surveillance: Historic Times in FX

07 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

George Saravelos, Deutsche Bank Global Head of FX Research, says the dollar is ending up as the safe haven of choice by default. Margie Patel, Allspri...

Surveillance: Pound Gets Truss-Inspired Boost

06 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Ben Laidler, eToro Global Markets Strategist, says this market is talking itself into a funk. Bruce Kasman, JPMorgan Chief Economist & Head of Glo...

Surveillance: US Jobs Report with Walsh

02 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Marty Walsh, US Secretary of Labor, expects payrolls to keep rising despite Fed rate increases. Randy Kroszner, University of Chicago Booth School Pro...

Surveillance: Central Banks Wake Up

01 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jean Boivin, Head of the BlackRock Investment Institute, says central banks are finally waking up. Francisco Blanch, Bank of America Global Research H...

Chief Future Officer: Tarek Robbiati, HPE

01 Sep 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's m...

Surveillance: Recession Not Likely, Says Emanuel

31 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Julian Emanuel, Evercore ISI Chief Equity & Quantitative Strategist, says the market could retest its lows if there is a consumer slump. Christian...

Surveillance: No Market Bottom, says Rosenberg

30 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

David Rosenberg, Rosenberg Research Founder & President, says we are a long way from the market bottom. Sebastien Page, T. Rowe Price Head of Glob...

Surveillance: Negative September with Slimmon

29 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Andrew Slimmon, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Senior Portfolio Manager, expects the near term to be negative for markets. Francesco Bianchi, ...

Surveillance: Powell Talks Tough at Jackson Hole

26 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Patrick Harker, Philadelphia Fed President, says the Fed should consider pausing rate hikes after hitting at least 3.4% by year end to see how the eco...

Surveillance: Fed's George Drops Hints at Jackson Hole

25 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Esther George, Kansas City Fed President, says the Fed has to get rates higher to slow down demand. Glenn Hubbard, Columbia Business School Professor ...

Surveillance: Investors Await Fed Rate-Hike Clarit

24 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Andrew Hollenhorst, Citi Chief US Economist, sees the Fed raising rates above 4% next year. Subadra Rajappa, Societe Generale Head of US Rates Strateg...

Surveillance: Fed Expectations with Hatzius

23 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jan Hatzius, Chief Economist at Goldman Sachs, thinks the it could be a couple more years before the Fed cuts rates. Steven Ricchiuto, Mizuho Securiti...

Surveillance: Stock Volatility with Calvasina

22 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Lori Calvasina, RBC Capital Markets Head of US Equity Strategy, says to set up for further volatility ahead. Ian Shepherdson, Pantheon Macroeconomics ...

Surveillance: Fed Tightening with Carpenter

19 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Seth Carpenter, Morgan Stanley Chief Global Economist, says the Fed needs to slow things a lot and stay tight for a while. Jane Foley, Rabobank FX Str...

Surveillance: Market Pause with Sheets (Podcast)

18 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Andrew Sheets, Morgan Stanley Chief Cross Asset Strategist, says markets are in an interesting pause before the September Fed meeting. Kelsey Berro, J...

Surveillance: Goldilocks Scenario with Levine

17 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Alicia Levine, BNY Mellon Wealth Management Head of Equities & Capital Market Advisory, says the biggest systemic risk is that markets have alread...

Surveillance: China Alarm with Haass terminal: Surveillance: China Alarm with Haass (Podca

16 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Richard Haass, Council on Foreign Relations President and Author, “The Bill of Obligations,” says China is increasingly turning up the level of al...

Surveillance: Yield Values with Hornby

15 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Lisa Hornby, Schroders Head of US Multi-Sector Fixed Income, says there is actually income in fixed income for the first time in a long time. Kit Juck...

Surveillance: Temple Sees Inflation Paradigm Shift (Podcast)

12 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Ron Temple, Lazard Asset Management Co-Head of Multi-Asset & Head of US Equity, says we're in the midst of inflation paradigm shift. Stephen Roach...

Surveillance: Inflation Elation with Tallbacken's Purves

11 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Kathryn Kaminski, AlphaSimplex Chief Research Strategist, says market may be at an inflection point. Michael Purves, Tallbacken Founder & CEO, exa...

Surveillance: White House & Wall Street Reacts to CPI Data

10 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Brian Deese, White House Director of the National Economic Council, says inflation report is a positive signal and says labor market strength will con...

SURV_podcast_08-09-22_1

09 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Claudia Sahm, Jain Family Institute Senior Fellow & Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, sees a disrupted economy beginning to heal. Greg Peters, PGIM Fix...

Surveillance: JPMorgan Sees Choppy Market Ahead (Podcast)

08 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Joyce Chang, JPMorgan Chair of Global Research, warns of a choppy market ahead. Peter Tchir, Academy Securities Head of Macro Strategy, says a Fed piv...

Surveillance: US Payrolls Post Big Beat

05 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Marty Walsh, U.S. Secretary of Labor, says current job growth will be sustainable. Tiffany Wilding, PIMCO Chief U.S. Economist, discusses the Federal ...

Chief Future Officer: Sachin Mehra, Mastercard

04 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's m...

Surveillance: BOE Hikes, Forecasts Economic Misery

04 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jordan Rochester, Nomura International G-10 FX Strategist, says he expects the Bank of England to transition to more dovish policy next year. David Bl...

Surveillance: Inflation Drivers with Stiglitz (Podcast)

03 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Joseph Stiglitz, Columbia University Professor & Nobel Laureate, says we will eventually go through a period of disinflation. Kathy Bostjancic, Ox...

Surveillance: Fed Cycle with Mike Wilson (Podcast)

02 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Wilson, Morgan Stanley Chief US Equity Strategist, says any talk of a Fed pivot at this point is premature. Mandy Xu, Credit Suisse Head of Equit...

Surveillance: Pelosi's Taiwan Visit with Cohen (Podcast)

01 Aug 2022

Contributed by Lukas

William Cohen, Chairman & CEO of the Cohen Group, Former Secretary of Defense and Former US Senator, says China would view a visit to Taiwan by Na...

Surveillance: Inflation Concerns with Reinhart (Podcast)

29 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Vince Reinhart, Dreyfus and Mellon Chief Economist, expects inflation will halve over the next year, which will then allow the Fed to pivot. Barbara A...

Surveillance: Weak US GDP with Pingle (Podcast)

28 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jonathan Pingle, UBS Chief US Economist, says the guts of the US GDP report look weak. Frances Donald, Manulife Investment Management Global Chief Eco...

Surveillance: Slowing Economy with Hyman (Podcast)

27 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Ed Hyman, Evercore ISI Chairman & Founder & Head of Economic Research, says the economy is doing fine now, but it will slow with inflation. Al...

Surveillance: Inflation Downturn with Emanuel (Podcast)

26 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Julian Emanuel, Evercore ISI Chief Equity & Quantitative Strategist, sees signs of inflation turning down. Saira Malik, Nuveen Chief Investment Of...

Surveillance: Severe Recession with Roubini (Podcast)

25 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Nouriel Roubini, Roubini Macro Associates CEO & TheBoomBust.com Co-CEO, says the idea of a short, shallow recession is a delusion. Bruce Kasman, J...

Surveillance: Fed & Recession with Lacker (Podcast)

22 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Jeff Lacker, Former Richmond Fed President, says the Fed should be willing to tolerate a recession to get inflation down. Rich Greenfield, LightShed P...

Surveillance: ECB Surprise (Podcast)

21 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Vassili Serebriakov, UBS FX & Macro Strategist, says the key question for the ECB going forward is going to be the growth-inflation mix. Gilles Mo...

Surveillance: Standing Markets with Slimmon (Podcast)

20 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

 Andrew Slimmon, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Senior Portfolio Manager, says markets are in a standing mode right now. Blerina Uruci, T. Rowe...

Chief Future Officer: GM CFO Paul Jacobson

20 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's m...

Surveillance: Energy Policy with Malpass (Podcast)

19 Jul 2022

Contributed by Lukas

David Malpass, World Bank President, says the West needs to prioritize less carbon-intensive energy sources. Andrew Sheets, Morgan Stanley Chief Cross...