Bloomberg Surveillance
Episodes
Surveillance: Ukraine Risks with Hormats
18 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Elizabeth Economy, Hoover Institution Senior Fellow, discusses the relationship between Russia and China. Robert Hormats, Tiedemann Advisors Managing ...
Surveillance: Russia Tensions with Stavridis
17 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Admiral James Stavridis, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, Former Supreme Allied Commander of NATO and Author of "2034: A Novel of the Next World War," say...
Surveillance: Central Bank Decisions with Maher
16 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Daragh Maher, HSBC Securities Head of Research Americas & Head of FX Strategy, says this is a really tricky time for central banks. Mandy Xu, Cred...
Surveillance: Russia Talks with Trubowitz
15 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Peter Trubowitz, London School of Economics Professor of International Relations & Chatham House Associate Fellow, says Putin has helped give NATO...
Surveillance: Curve Flattening with JPM's Kelly
14 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
David Kelly, JPMorgan Asset Management Chief Global Strategist, says the flattening of the yield curve demonstrates there is a risk of the Fed spurrin...
Surveillance: Inflation Pressures with Pyle
11 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Mike Pyle, Chief Economic Advisor to Vice President Kamala Harris, discusses the White House's plan to expand the production capacity of the economy. ...
Surveillance: Inflation Surge with Porcelli
10 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Tom Porcelli, RBC Capital Markets Chief U.S. Economist, says the Fed needs a "hefty dose of patience." Bill Booth, Epoch Investment Partners Co-CIO &a...
Surveillance: Inflation Distortion with Stiglitz
09 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Joseph Stiglitz, Columbia University Professor & Nobel Laureate, says raising interest rates will slow the economy and negatively impact the jobs ...
Surveillance: Mini Bond Bear Market with Jones
08 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Kathy Jones, Charles Schwab Chief Fixed Income Strategist, says bonds are already in a mini bear market. Jim Caron, Morgan Stanley Investment Manageme...
Surveillance: ECB Policy with Ladha
07 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Shahid Ladha, BNP Paribas Head of G10 Rates Strategy Americas, says the ECB should embrace the opportunity to exit negative interest rates. Lori Calva...
Surveillance: U.S. Jobs Report with Walsh
04 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Marty Walsh, U.S. Secretary of Labor, says workers and employers are learning to live with the pandemic. Jeffrey Rosenberg, BlackRock Portfolio Manage...
Surveillance: Year of the Stock-Picker
03 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Mike Wilson Morgan Stanley Chief U.S. Equity Strategist, says this is the year of the stock-picker. Brian Wieser, GroupM President of Business Intelli...
Chief Future Officer: Mondeléz International's Luca Zaramella brought to you by Workday
02 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's n...
Surveillance: GM Results with Barra
02 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Mary Barra, General Motors Chair & CEO, discusses the automaker’s fourth-quarter results, investments in vehicle and battery production and the ...
Surveillance: Inflation Control with Harker
01 Feb 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Patrick Harker, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia President, says we need to move now to control inflation; advocating four 25-BP hikes this year. ...
Surveillance: Higher Equities Base Case with Koesterich
31 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Russ Koesterich, BlackRock Global Allocation Fund Portfolio Manager, says BlackRock's Base Case is still for equities to move higher. Sarah Hunt, Alpi...
Surveillance: Restart, Not Recovery, says Boivin
31 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Jean Boivin, Head of the BlackRock Investment Institute, says this is a restart, not a recovery. Saira Malik, Nuveen Chief Investment Officer, says a ...
Surveillance: High Returns Over, says Tangen
27 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Nicolai Tangen, Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund CEO, warns that days of high returns are over. Jonathan Gray, Blackstone President & COO, says inv...
Chief Future Officer: Macy's Adrian Mitchell brought to you by Workday
26 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet future challenges. Bloomberg's n...
Surveillance: Fed Day with Lacker
26 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Jeffrey Lacker, Former Richmond Fed President, expects inflation to be 4% or higher in 2022. Bob Michele, JPMorgan Asset Management CIO & Head of ...
Surveillance: Time to Buy, Says Harvey
25 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Chris Harvey, Wells Fargo Securities Head of Equity Strategy, says the recent rout in markets is a good opportunity to buy stocks. Glenn Hubbard, Colu...
Surveillance: Dollar Weakness with Wizman
24 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Thierry Wizman, Macquarie Capital Currency and Interest-Rate Strategist, says dollar weakness won't come at least until the second quarter. Philippe E...
Surveillance: U.S. Inflation Picture with Saravelos
21 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
George Saravelos, Deutsche Bank Global Head of FX Research, says the U.S. inflation picture is very different from anything we've seen before. Sarah H...
Surveillance: Inflation Concerns with Deese
20 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Brian Deese, White House National Economic Council Director, says the Biden administration has a plan to deal with inflation. Peter Tchir, Academy Sec...
Surveillance: Fed Tightening with Luzzetti
19 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Matthew Luzzetti, Deutsche Bank Chief U.S. Economist, says the Fed needs to tighten to rein in demand. Andrew Sheets, Morgan Stanley Chief Cross Asset...
Surveillance: Future of Hong Kong with Winters
18 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Bill Winters, Standard Chartered CEO, says Hong Kong is still a gateway to China and that he doesn't expect that to change. David Malpass, World Bank ...
Surveillance: Mixed Bank Earnings
14 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Alison Williams, Bloomberg Intelligence Senior Global Banks & Asset Managers Analyst on Bank Earnings, discusses the key takeaways from JPMorgan, ...
Surveillance: Fed Signaling With Abby Joseph Cohen
13 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Abby Joseph Cohen, Columbia University Professor & Former Goldman Sachs Senior Investment Strategist, says the Fed is doing a great job with its s...
Surveillance: 39-Year High Inflation with Gapen
12 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Gapen, Barclays Chief U.S. Economist, says the Fed is basically there in terms of their dual inflation and labor market mandate. Stephen Roach...
Surveillance: Fed's Mester Supports March Hike
11 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Loretta Mester, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland President, says the economy is on a really good track and that inflation looks more persistent going...
Surveillance: Fed Hawkishness with Dudley
10 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Bill Dudley, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, Bloomberg Economics Senior Advisor and Former New York Fed President, says the Federal Reserve needs to get ...
Surveillance: U.S. Jobs Report
07 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Jeff Rosenberg, BlackRock Portfolio Manager of the Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund, reacts to the U.S. jobs numbers. Tara Sinclair, George Washington U...
Surveillance: 2022 Growth With Porcelli
06 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Tom Porcelli, RBC Capital Markets Chief U.S. Economist, expects 2022 to be a slower growth year. Seema Shah, Principal Global Investors Chief Strategi...
Surveillance: Active Management With O'Rourke
05 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Michael O'Rourke, Jones Trading Chief Market Strategist, says active management is necessary for the "treacherous" 2022 ahead. Christian Mueller-Gliss...
Surveillance: Era of Moderation with Mahajan
04 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Mona Mahajan, Edward Jones, Senior Investment Strategist, expects to see an era of moderation in 2022. Megan Greene, Harvard Kennedy School Senior Fel...
Surveillance: Eurasia Top Risks 2022
03 Jan 2022
Contributed by Lukas
Ian Bremmer, Eurasia Group & GZERO Media President, Elizabeth Economy, Hoover Institute Senior Fellow & The World According to China Author, a...
Surveillance: Omicron Risks & Recovery Hopes
31 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Purves, Tallbacken Capital Advisors Founder &CEO, discusses the factors behind his bullish call for U.S. equity markets. Kristina Hooper, ...
Surveillance: Sustained Expansion With Wieting
30 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Steven Wieting, Citi Global Wealth Chief Investment Strategist & Chief Economist, says decreased inflation would help sustain economic expansion. ...
Surveillance: Pandemic Shock With Kotok
29 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
David Kotok, Cumberland Advisors Co-Founder & CIO, looks at how previous pandemics in history can guide the Fed through the turbulence of COVID-19...
Surveillance: The Bull Case With Armstrong
28 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Patrick Armstrong, Plurimi Wealth Chief Investment Officer, says massive liquidity, negative real yields and earnings growth support the bull case for...
Surveillance: Fed Tightening Risk With Fernandez
27 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Victoria Fernandez, Crossmark Global Investments Chief Market Strategist, says equity markets should continue to rally despite the Fed's projected pol...
Surveillance: Beware Bonds, Holland Says
23 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Holland, Holland & Company President, says to beware the bond market. Matthew Luzzetti, Deutsche Bank Chief U.S. Economist, doesn't expect...
Surveillance: Wells Fargo's Harvey Favors "Quality" in 2022
22 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Chris Harvey, Wells Fargo Securities Head of Equity Strategy, recommend investors move up in quality to protect against a possible U.S. Correction. Re...
Surveillance: Too Early To Get Bearish, Slimmon Says
21 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Andrew Slimmon, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Senior Portfolio Manager, says it is way too early to get bearish. Dr. Amesh Adalja, Johns Hopkin...
Surveillance: Omicron Risks
20 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Richard Bernstein, Richard Bernstein Advisors CEO & CIO, says markets are caught between a rock and a hard place right now. Henrietta Treyz, Veda ...
Surveillance: New Fed Framework With Sahm
17 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Claudia Sahm, Jain Family Institute Senior Fellow & Former Federal Reserve Economist, says we have a new Federal Reserve framework that is being t...
Surveillance: Central Bank Decisions
16 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
George Bory, Allspring Global Investment Holdings Fixed Income Specialist, says central banks are trying to re-establish their credibility as inflatio...
Surveillance: Time to Act on Inflation, Says Rogoff
15 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Ken Rogoff, Harvard University Economics Professor, says now is the time to act on inflation. David Kostin, Goldman Sachs Chief U.S. Strategist, expla...
Surveillance: 2022 Bulls & Bears
14 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
John Stoltzfus, Oppenheimer Chief Investment Strategist, explains the reasoning behind his street-high S&P target of 5,330. Daniel Skelly, Morgan ...
Surveillance: The Best Game in Town
13 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Lori Calvasina, RBC Capital Markets Head of U.S. Equity Strategy, says stocks are still the best game in town for 2022. Michael Collins, PGIM Fixed In...
Surveillance: U.S. Inflation Surge
10 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Kathy Bostjancic, Oxford Economics Chief U.S. Financial Economist, expects inflation to get worse from here. Stephen Dover, Franklin Templeton Chief M...
Surveillance: CPI Expectations with Chaudhuri
09 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Gargi Chaudhuri, BlackRock Head of iShares Investment Strategy Americas, expects CPI data to be stronger than what is priced in to markets. Mark Caban...
Surveillance: Fed Surprises With Dudley
08 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Bill Dudley, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist and Former New York Fed President, expects a few more surprises from the next Fed meeting. Steve Major, HSBC ...
Surveillance: Stocks Rally as Omicron Fears Ease
07 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Tony Crescenzi, PIMCO Market Strategist, says the Fed won't give up it's hard-won credibility. Liz Ann Sonders, Charles Schwab Chief Investment Strate...
Surveillance: Fed Out of Ammo, Tipp Says
06 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Robert Tipp, PGIM Fixed Income Chief Investment Strategist, says the Fed has already shot all of its bullets. Sara House, Wells Fargo Corporate & ...
Surveillance: U.S. Jobs Report With Walsh
03 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Marty Walsh, U.S. Secretary of Labor, says he feels good about where the U.S. economy is headed. Jeff Rosenberg, BlackRock Systematic Multi-Strategy F...
Surveillance: $150 Oil With JPMorgan's Malek
02 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Christyan Malek, JPMorgan EMEA Oil & Gas Research Head, says shale is in a straitjacket right now. Russ Koesterich, BlackRock Global Allocation Fu...
Chief Future Officer: Leeny Oberg, Marriott International
01 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
This episode of Chief Future Officer focuses on Marriott International CFO Leeny Oberg. Shery Ahn explores how she's helping the world's largest hotel...
Surveillance: Credit Opportunities With Watson
01 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Marilyn Watson, BlackRock Head of the Global Fundamental Fixed Income Strategy, sees a potential buying opportunity in the credit market. Bob Michele,...
Surveillance: Omicron Uncertainty With Ward
30 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Howard Ward, Gabelli Funds CIO of Growth Equities, says it is too early to say whether the omicron variant is a market gamechanger. Victoria Fernandez...
Surveillance: Omicron Response With Hotez
29 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Peter Hotez, Baylor College Baylor College Dean of the National School Of Tropical Medicine, says travel bans from southern Africa is a policy failure...
Surveillance: New Covid Variant With Pekosz
26 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Dr. Andy Pekosz, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Professor and Virologist, says now is the time to be proactive to prevent ...
Surveillance: U.S. Economic Data With Loh
24 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Marvin Loh, State Street Global Markets Global Macro Strategist, says today's data confirms that the U.S. Economy is moving in the right direction. Mi...
Surveillance: Lira Weakness With Amoroso
23 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Anastasia Amoroso, iCapital Network Chief Investment Strategist, says the damage to the Turkish Lira has been self-inflicted. Mark McCormick, TD Secur...
Surveillance: The Future of the Fed
22 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
President Joe Biden selects Jerome Powell for a second four-year term as U.S. Federal Reserve chair and elevates Governor Lael Brainard to vice chair....
Surveillance: Virus Woes Hit Markets
19 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Nadia Lovell, UBS Global Wealth Management Senior US Equity Strategist, predicts the S&P 500 Index will reach 5,000 by June of 2022. Jim O'Sulliva...
Surveillance: Growth Trajectory With Rajappa
18 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Subadra Rajappa, Societe Generale Head of U.S. Rates Strategy, still expects a strong growth trajectory over the next several years. Megan Greene, Har...
Surveillance: Gensler & Crypto With Rubenstein
17 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
David Rubenstein, The Carlyle Group Co-Founder & Co-Executive Chairman, discusses how he expects SEC Chair Gary Gensler to deal with crypto regula...
Surveillance: Hawkish Fed Policy With Bullard
16 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
James Bullard, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Fed President, says the central bank should speed up its reduction of monetary stimulus in response t...
Surveillance: Rising Rates With Dudley & Lacker
15 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Bill Dudley, Former New York Federal Reserve Bank President and Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, and Jeffrey Lacker, Former Richmond Federal Reserve Presi...
Surveillance: Cash Over Bonds, Goldman Says
12 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Christian Mueller-Glissmann, Goldman Sachs Managing Director of Portfolio Strategy & Asset Allocation, says cash looks better than bonds in upcomi...
Surveillance: Wealth Tax 'Baloney' With Cooperman
11 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Leon Cooperman, Omega Family Office Chairman & CEO, says we should focus on tax loopholes rather than new forms of taxation. Mandy Xu, Credit Suis...
Surveillance: Inflation Pressures With Dutta
10 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Neil Dutta, Renaissance Macro Research Head of Economics, reacts to the acceleration in consumer prices. Jean-Yves Fillion, BNP Paribas USA CEO, plans...
Surveillance: Hertz EVs With Tom Brady
09 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Hertz Interim CEO Mark Fields, Certares Founder Greg O’Hara, Knighthead Co-Founder Tom Wagner & Superbowl Champion Tom Brady, discuss Hertz's up...
Surveillance: China With Milken's Lee
08 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Willliam Lee, Milken Institute Chief Economist, says China is being hit by a confluence of domestic and global factors. George Saravelos, Deutsche Ban...
Surveillance: U.S. Jobs Report With Sec. Walsh
05 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Marty Walsh, U.S. Labor Secretary, reacts to the U.S. jobs numbers. Jennifer Granholm, U.S. Energy Secretary, says President Biden is looking at a pot...
Surveillance: Inflation Target With Posen
04 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Adam Posen, Peterson Institute President & Former BOE Monetary Policy Committee Member, makes the case for raising the inflation target. Steve Chi...
Chief Future Officer: Harmit Singh, Levi's
03 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Chief Financial Officers now play a critical role in shaping corporate strategy and positioning organizations to meet challenges -- serving as "Chief ...
Surveillance: Carbon Bubble With Gore
03 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Al Gore, Former U.S. Vice President, says we now have a subprime carbon bubble. Eric Adams, New York City Mayor-Elect, discusses his election win. Abb...
Surveillance: Taming Inflation With IMF's Georgieva
02 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Kristalina Georgieva, IMF Managing Director, says vaccinating the world will help ensure that higher inflation proves temporary. Marc Benioff, Salesfo...
Surveillance: Net-Zero With UN's Carney
01 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Mark Carney, UN Special Envoy on Climate Action and Finance and Former BOE Governor, says the finance sector is about to get a net-zero scorecard. Tro...
Surveillance: Supply Constraints With Le Maire
29 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Bruno Le Maire, French Finance Minister, calls on G-20 nations to address supply chain constraints. Michelle Meyer, Bank of America Chief U.S. Economi...
Surveillance: Central Bank Policy With McCormick
28 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Mark McCormick, TD Global Head of FX Strategy, says The Bank of England and Bank of Canada are the central banks pulling things forward. Dennis DeBuss...
Surveillance: Gen. Milley Warns On China
27 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
David Rubenstein, "Peer to Peer with David Rubenstein" Host, discusses his interview with General Mark Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. ...
Surveillance: Economic Cycle With Crescenzi
26 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Tony Crescenzi PIMCO Market Strategist, Portfolio Manager, discusses navigating an economic cycle he sees “moving at warp speed.” Gabriela Santos,...
Surveillance: Facebook Worries With Nathanson
26 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Nathanson, Moffettnathanson Founding Partner and Senior Research Analyst, says Facebook's business model is well-protected. Priya Misra, TD Se...
Surveillance: Supply Chains Dominate Earnings
22 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Jonathan Golub, Credit Suisse Chief U.S. Equity Strategist & Head of Quantitative Research, defends his bullish call on the S&P hitting 5,000 ...
Surveillance: Inflation Persistence With Gray
21 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Jonathan Gray, Blackstone President & COO, says inflation is “definitely becoming” more persistent and pervasive than expectations. Jens Nordv...
Surveillance: Stock Picking Is Back, Says Kirr
20 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Beata Kirr, Bernstein Private Wealth Management Co-Head of Investment Strategies, says stock picking is back. Russ Koesterich, BlackRock Global Alloca...
Surveillance: Exclusive With U.K.'s Johnson
19 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
John Micklethwait, Bloomberg Editor-in Chief, discusses his exclusive interview with U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson. David Solomon, Goldman Sachs C...
Surveillance: Inflation Fears Shake Markets
18 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Lori Calvasina, RBC Capital Markets Head of U.S. Equity Strategy, says the resilience of the market has been remarkable. Dana Peterson, The Conference...
Surveillance: Recession Risk With Blanchflower
15 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Danny Blanchflower, Dartmouth Professor of Economics and Former Bank of England policy maker, weighs U.S. recession risk. Jennifer Lee, BMO Senior Eco...
Surveillance: El-Erian Sees EM 'Perfect Storm'
14 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Mohamed El-Erian, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist, describes the perfect storm facing emerging markets. Adam Posen, Peterson Institute for International E...
Surveillance: Earnings Amid Inflation Worries
13 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Seema Shah, Principal Global Investors Chief Strategist, discusses outlook for markets ahead of inflation data out of the U.S. Alison Williams, Bloomb...
Surveillance: Inflation Hits Investor Confidence
12 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Shaoul, Marketfield Asset Management CEO, assesses inflationary pressures from rising energy prices. Alicia Levine, BNY Mellon Wealth Manageme...
Surveillance: Goldman Cuts U.S. Growth View
11 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Jan Hatzius, Goldman Sachs Chief Economist, sees no Fed hike next year as growth slows. Claudia Sahm, Jain Family Institute Senior Fellow and Bloomber...
Surveillance: Jobs Day Miss With Rosenberg
08 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Jeff Rosenberg, BlackRock Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund Portfolio Manager, says the U.S. jobs report miss has a delta variant characteristic to it. T...
Surveillance: Age of America First With Haass
07 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Richard Haass, Council on Foreign Relations President, says the greatest threat to the United States is itself. Noubar Afeyan, Moderna Co-Founder and ...
Surveillance: Fed's Inflation War With Dudley
06 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Bill Dudley, Former New York Fed President, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist & Senior Advisor to Bloomberg Economics, says the Fed is fighting the wron...
Surveillance: Supply Shock Risks With Greene
05 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Megan Greene, Kroll Institue Global Chief Economist & Harvard Kennedy School Senior Fellow, says supply shocks will be the biggest drag on growth ...