The Science of Crowds: Decoding Human Movement at Scale

In this episode, Dr. Michael Duignan speaks with Dr. Bachar “Bash” Kabalan, an expert in crowd dynamics, to unpack the science behind how people move, interact, and sometimes collide in mass gatherings. From music festivals and sports stadiums to religious pilgrimages and city fan zones, understanding crowd behavior is vital not just for safety but for designing better event experiences. Bash explains the principles that govern crowd flows, debunks common myths around “stampedes,” and explores how mathematical models, real-time monitoring, and agent-based simulations can predict and prevent dangerous situations. The discussion introduces the 3S model—safety, security, and service—and highlights the challenge of balancing protective measures with creating enjoyable, immersive experiences. Drawing on examples from the Hajj, the Paris 2024 Olympics, and major festivals, this episode offers practical insights for event professionals, city planners, and safety managers working at the intersection of crowds, space, and experience.

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