No MS-ing Around: How monoclonal antibodies are revolutionising multiple sclerosis treatment

From incurable to manageable – science is rewriting the story of MS. Join Natalie, Prio, and Ethan as they explore how monoclonal antibodies are revolutionising treatment for multiple sclerosis.References:[1] MS Australia (2025). Key Facts & Figures About Multiple Sclerosis. Company website, accessed on 01/05/25. [2] Pisetsky, D.S. (2023). Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Nature, 19, 509–524. [3] van Langelaar, J., Rijvers, L., Smolders, J., and van Luijn, M.M. (2020). B and T Cells Driving Multiple Sclerosis: Identity, Mechanisms and Potential Triggers. Front Immunol, 11, 760. [4] Korn, T. (2008). Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol, 255, 2-6. [5] Huang, J.K., Fancy, S.P.J., Zhao, C., Rowitch D.J., ffrench-Constant, C., and Franklin R.J.M. (2011). Myelin Regeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Targeting Endogenous Stem Cells. Neurotherapeutics, 8(4), 650–658.[6] MS Trust (2022). Managing Relapses. Company website, accessed on 04/05/25.[7] Ransohoff, R.M., Hafler, D.A., and Lucchinetti, C.F. (2015). Multiple sclerosis–a quiet revolution. Nat Rev Neurol, 11(3), 134–142.[8] Cree, B.A.C., Oksenberg, J.R., and Hauser, S.L. (2022). Multiple sclerosis: two decades of progress. Lancet Neurol, 21(3), 211–214.[9] Comi, G., and Radaelli, M. (2015). Oral corticosteroids for multiple sclerosis relapse. Lancet, 386(9997), 937-939.[10] Tramacere, I., Giovane, C.D., Salanti, G., D'Amico, R., and Filippini, G. (2015). Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1(1), CD011381.[11] Rosenblum, M.D., Gratz I.K., Paw, J.S., and Abbas, A.K. (2012). Treating Human Autoimmunity: Current Practice and Future Prospects. Sci Transl Med, 4(125), 125sr1.[12] Alejandra, W.P., Irene J.P.M., Antonio G.S.F., et al. (2023). Production of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes: A review. Int Immunopharmacol, 120, 110376.[13] Mekala R.R., Nalluri, H.P., Reddy P.N., et al. (2024). Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene, 925, 148607. [14] Polman, C.H., O’Connor, P.W., Havrdova, E., et al. (2006). A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Natalizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med, 354(9), 899-910.[15] Manouchehrinia, A., Larsson, H., Karim, M.E., Lycke, J., Olsson, T., and Kockum, I. (2023). Comparative effectiveness of natalizumab on cognition in multiple sclerosis: A cohort study. Mult Scler, 29(4-5), 628-636. [16] Delbue, S., Comar, M., and Ferrante, P. (2016). Natalizumab treatment of multiple sclerosis: new insights. Immunotherapy, 9(2), 157-171. [17] Chen, J., Diouf, I., Taylor, B.V., Kalincik, T., and van der Mei, I. (2022). Superior effects of natalizumab versus other DMTs on patient-reported outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 93(10), 1120-1127. [18] USCF (2025). Stephen Hauser Wins Breakthrough Prize for Role in Redefining MS. University of California San Francisco. Company website, accessed on 29/4/2025. [19] Hauser, S.L., Bar-Or, A., Cohen, J.A., et al. (2020). Ofatumumab versus Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med, 383(6), 546-557.

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