Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Video Series
Activity Overview
Episode publication activity over the past year
Episodes
Kevin Weil (Novi) - Improving Product Design
12 Aug 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Kevin Weil is the VP of Product for Novi, Facebook’s digital wallet for the Libra payment system. Previously, Weil was VP of Product at Instagram (o...
Networking with Curiosity [Entire Talk]
05 Aug 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Amy Chang is an executive vice president at Cisco. Following the acquisition of her startup Accompany by Cisco in 2018, she led Cisco's multi-billion ...
Debbie Sterling (GoldieBlox) - Empowering Girls with STEM
29 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Debbie Sterling is the founder and CEO of GoldieBlox, an award-winning children’s multimedia company known for disrupting the “pink aisle” in to...
Jeff Seibert (Digits) - Making Remote Work Better
22 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Jeff Seibert is a serial entrepreneur and active angel investor. His current focus is Digits, which he co-founded in 2018 to build modern, intelligent...
Bonny Simi (JetBlue Technology Ventures) - Cultivate Creativity and Courage
15 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Olympian in luge, television reporter, airline pilot, and venture capitalist… Bonny Simi’s career path has been anything but linear. Simi is now t...
Beverly Parenti & Chris Redlitz (The Last Mile) and Ray Harts (Healthy Hearts Institute) - Growing a Social Venture
08 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Beverly Parenti and Chris Redlitz are the co-founders of The Last Mile, an organization that aims to break the cycle of incarceration by providing edu...
Joe DeSimone (Carbon) - The Case for Convergence
01 Jul 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Joe DeSimone is the founder and executive chairman of Carbon, a global company that is driving the evolution of 3D printing from a prototyping tool in...
Julie Zhuo (Inspirit) - How to Learn from Users
24 Jun 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Julie Zhuo is the co-founder of Inspirit, an advisory firm that partners with fast-scaling tech companies to build and scale products that people love...
Kevin Systrom (Instagram) - How Instagram Scaled
03 Jun 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Kevin Systrom, co-founder of Instagram, first spoke at ETL in 2011, just seven months after Instagram launched. Here, he returns to ETL nine years lat...
Alexi Robichaux (BetterUp) - Uncompromising Values
27 May 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Alexi Robichaux is the co-founder and CEO of BetterUp, a mobile-based platform that brings personalized professional coaching to employees at all leve...
Ethan Brown (Beyond Meat) - Reimagining Meat
20 May 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Ethan Brown is the founder, president and CEO of Beyond Meat. In this talk, Stanford lecturer Toby Corey interviews Brown about how his company has re...
Andy Karsner (X) - Designing for Natural Security
13 May 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Andy Karsner is a senior strategist and "Space Cowboy" at X, the "moonshot factory" at Alphabet (Google's parent company). He has spent two decades dr...
Joseph Tsai (Alibaba Group) - From Alibaba to the NBA
06 May 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Joseph Tsai is a co-founder and the executive vice chairman of Alibaba Group, a global Internet technology company based in China. He is also the owne...
Amy Francetic (Buoyant Ventures) - The Evolution of Clean Tech Investing
29 Apr 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Amy Francetic is the founder and managing partner of Buoyant Ventures, a venture fund that invests in digital climate solutions. In this talk, deliver...
Heidi Roizen (Threshold Ventures) - Leadership in a Crisis
22 Apr 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Heidi Roizen, now a partner at Threshold Ventures, spent time as the CEO and co-founder of T/Maker and the VP of Worldwide Developer Relations at Appl...
Annie Kadavy (Redpoint Ventures) - Venture Capital Decisionmaking
15 Apr 2020
Contributed by Lukas
What does a venture capitalist actually do day-to-day, and how do they make decisions? Annie Kadavy is a managing director at Redpoint Ventures, and i...
Ravi Belani (Stanford University) - Building Billion Dollar Businesses
11 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
As a lecturer in Stanford's Department of Management Science and Engineering, Ravi Belani regularly teaches MS&E 472, the Stanford course associated w...
Mark Gainey (Strava) - How Strava Found its Niche
04 Mar 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Mark Gainey is the co-founder and executive chairman of Strava, a platform where more than 50 million athletes around the world track their workouts a...
Mar Hershenson (Pear VC) - Strategies for Student Entrepreneurs
26 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Mar Hershenson co-founded Pear VC in 2013, and under her watch the firm has made seed and pre-seed investments in category-defining companies like Dro...
Omar Tawakol (Voicea) - The Future of Voice
19 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Backed by corporate investors that included Cisco, Google, Microsoft and Salesforce, Omar Tawakol founded Voicea in 2017, and served as the company's ...
Kate Rosenbluth (Cala Health) - A Needs-Based Innovation Framework
12 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
As a Stanford Biodesign Innovation Fellow, Kate Rosenbluth was captivated by the unmet need to treat hand tremors. She discovered that the site of dee...
Kulveer Taggar (Zeus Living) - Scaling with Purpose
05 Feb 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Kulveer Taggar is the co-founder and CEO of Zeus Living, a tech-driven property management company focused on disrupting the corporate housing market....
Melinda Thomas (Octave Bioscience) - The Courage to Begin
29 Jan 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Drawing on her experience launching and leading health companies like CardioDx and ParAllele, Melinda Thomas co-founded Octave Bioscience in 2014. Oct...
Sam Yam (Patreon) - Surviving the Startup Grind
22 Jan 2020
Contributed by Lukas
In 2013, Sam Yam teamed up with his former Stanford roommate Jack Conte to create Patreon, a platform that connects content creators with members who ...
Laura Gomez (Atipica) - The Need for Inclusive AI
04 Dec 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Concerned with the ways that AI and machine learning often display biases against already marginalized groups, Laura Gomez created Atipica, a platform...
Arlan Hamilton (Backstage Capital) - Underestimated
20 Nov 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Backstage Capital founder and managing partner Arlan Hamilton built a venture capital fund from the ground up, while homeless. Her fund is dedicated t...
Aileen Lee (Cowboy Ventures) - Unicorn Lessons
13 Nov 2019
Contributed by Lukas
In 2013, Aileen Lee coined the term "unicorn" to refer to the growing field of startups with $1 billion valuations. At the time, she was a year into h...
Srin Madipalli (Airbnb) - The Future is Accessible
06 Nov 2019
Contributed by Lukas
While earning his MBA at the University of Oxford's Said Business School and teaching himself to code, Srin Madipalli found himself compelled by the p...
Edith Harbaugh (LaunchDarkly) - Software is Hard Work
30 Oct 2019
Contributed by Lukas
LaunchDarkly now helps over 1,000 customers - including major companies like Atlassian and BMW - release code, monitor and manage features, and make d...
Barbara Liskov (MIT) - Finding the Great Problems
23 Oct 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Barbara Liskov was already breaking new ground in 1968, when she became one of the first American women to earn a doctorate in the emerging discipline...
Jennifer Tejada (PagerDuty) - Resilience is Everything
15 Oct 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Not long after landing at PagerDuty in 2016, Jennifer Tejada embarked on that harrowing rite of passage for CEOs of fortunate young startups: the purs...
Redesigning the CEO [Entire Talk]
07 Oct 2019
Contributed by Lukas
In 2012, inspired by the HR headaches they'd observed working for technology companies, Sarah Nahm and a few friends founded Lever, a talent recruitme...
Sickamore (Interscope Records) & Sam Seidel (Stanford d.school) - Inside the Studio
12 Jun 2019
Contributed by Lukas
From developing a brand identity to cultivating the right conditions for musical exploration, successful recording artists are masters of the creative...
Christine Yen (Honeycomb.io) - Creating a Buzz Around B2B Software
03 Jun 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Honeycomb co-founder and CEO Christine Yen spent a decade as a software engineer before creating her own company. She describes how her deep domain kn...
Listening to the Market [Entire Talk]
29 May 2019
Contributed by Lukas
The podcast market was growing rapidly when Luminary Media was founded at the beginning of 2018, and it was even bigger by the time the company launch...
Chip Conley (Modern Elder Academy) - How to Adapt and Flow
22 May 2019
Contributed by Lukas
At age 26, Chip Conley founded Joie de Vivre Hospitality and grew the company into the second largest boutique hotel brand in the United States. After...
Toby Corey (Stanford University) - The Zen of Entrepreneurship
15 May 2019
Contributed by Lukas
In the 1990s, Toby Corey co-founded the world's largest web development company. Since then, he's started other companies; held senior management posi...
Payam Banazadeh (Capella Space) - Prepare to Launch
08 May 2019
Contributed by Lukas
When Capella Space's first prototype satellite launched in December 2018, it was the culmination of over three years of nonstop effort. Capella Space ...
Nicole Hu (One Concern) - Strategies to Fight Disaster
01 May 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Nicole Hu and her two co-founders created One Concern to help communities prepare for and mitigate natural disasters by harnessing the power of AI. Sh...
Ritu Narayan (Zūm) - Sustaining a Startup's Growth
24 Apr 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Ritu Narayan founded Z_m in 2014 to solve a problem that working parents (herself included) face every day: transporting and caring for children befor...
Closing Tech's Diversity Gap [Entire Talk]
12 Apr 2019
Contributed by Lukas
From high school computer science classes all the way up to VC partner meetings, women and people of color remain underrepresented in the technology e...
Alberto Savoia (Google) - Make the Right Thing
13 Mar 2019
Contributed by Lukas
As Google's first engineering director, Alberto Savoia led the team that launched Google's revolutionary AdWords project. After founding two startups,...
Navin Chaddha (Mayfield) - Building a People-First Company
06 Mar 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Navin Chaddha, managing director at the venture capital firm Mayfield, describes the firm's core values and examines the drivers behind several of the...
Alice Zhang (Verge Genomics) - When DNA Meets AI
27 Feb 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Midway through a M.D./Ph.D program at UCLA, Alice Zhang made a discovery that she felt could reverberate far beyond the halls of academia. So she shif...
Raj Kapoor (Lyft) and John Viera (Ford Motor Company) - Mobilizing the Future
20 Feb 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Cars can be much more than just boxes that get their owners around. John Viera, a former director and sustainability lead at Ford Motor Company, and R...
Balaji Srinivasan (Coinbase) - Building the Cryptocurrency Ecosystem
13 Feb 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Opportunities in the cryptocurrency sector extend well beyond simply investing in Bitcoin or Ethereum, says Coinbase CTO Balaji Srinivasan. He compare...
Elaine Wherry (Meebo) - Climbing the Ladder
06 Feb 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Roles expand and shift at a breakneck pace in a high-growth startup, says Meebo co-founder Elaine Wherry. Interns find themselves in charge of massive...
Ryan Petersen (Flexport) - Modernizing the Shipping Industry
23 Jan 2019
Contributed by Lukas
Global trade has existed for centuries, but hasn't evolved with technology. Ryan Petersen, CEO and founder of Flexport, learned this the hard way as a...
Dan Widmaier (Bolt Threads) - Design to Disrupt
05 Dec 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Dan Widmaier, co-founder and CEO at Bolt Threads, is on a mission to disrupt the garment industry through technology and science. He shares his perspe...
Brad Bao (Lime) - Innovation Driven By Sustainability
28 Nov 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Brad Bao, co-founder and executive chairman of Lime, shares his mission to create close-knit neighborhoods through mobility. Highlighting Lime's achie...
Emily Melton (DFJ) - Focus on Forward Momentum
14 Nov 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Emily Melton, partner at the venture capital firm Threshold (formerly DFJ), shares her experience growing from a humanities student to tech investor. ...
Adam Pisoni (Abl Schools) - Let Your Customers Educate You
02 Nov 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Adam Pisoni, founder and CEO of Abl Schools, shares how he tackles complex challenges, like modernizing the education system. Pisoni describes how he ...
Tina Seelig with Steve Garrity (Hearsay Systems) and Juliet Rothenberg (DeepMind) - Find Your Superpower, Launch Your Career
31 Oct 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Professor of the Practice Tina Seelig sits down with Steve Garrity, founder of Hearsay Systems and Juliet Rothenberg, product manager at DeepMind for ...
Puneet Agarwal (True Ventures) - Strike the EQ/IQ Balance in Venture Capital
24 Oct 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Puneet Agarwal, partner at True Ventures, describes the importance of emotional intelligence (EQ) within venture capital and its implications on the b...
Manish Chandra (Poshmark) - Channeling an Adaptive Mindset
17 Oct 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Throughout his career, Manish Chandra, founder and CEO at Poshmark, learned to evolve, grow and adapt to the economical and career changes he faced. H...
Maureen Fan (Baobab Studios) - Animating Against the Grain
10 Oct 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Maureen Fan, co-founder and CEO at Baobab Studios, shares how she blended her creativity and technical savvy in founding her virtual reality animation...
Steve Vassallo (Foundation Capital) - Focus on Users to Solve Problems
04 Jun 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Throughout life, Steve Vassallo has advanced his career through design thinking, from the slick flyer he created on his parents' computer to get him m...
Lisa Alderson (Genome Medical) - Dare to Stretch Your Boundaries
24 May 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Serial entrepreneur Lisa Alderson, co-founder and CEO of Genome Medical, shares her vision for the future of medicine, along with real-world advice fo...
Gabriel Parisi-Amon (Nebia) - A Burnout Manifesto
18 May 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Gabriel Parisi-Amon, co-founder, CTO and COO of environmentally conscious shower startup, Nebia, bravely challenges the myth of "the perfect startup f...
Joshua Hoffman (Zymergen) - Insights of an Accidental Entrepreneur
11 May 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and CEO of industrial-chemicals maker Zymergen, details how his intellectual dabbling in college and the courage to work on...
Chip Heath (Stanford University) - How Organizations Can Win Our Hearts
07 May 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Stanford business Professor Chip Heath discusses how certain moments we all experience - the first day at a new job, finishing a difficult project -do...
Tracy Chou (Project Include) - Debugging the Brogrammer Culture
27 Apr 2018
Contributed by Lukas
As tech companies come under fire for mishandling our data, with one blog post, a young software engineer forced these firms to share some of the most...
Julayne Virgil (Girls Inc.) - The Courage to Take Positive Risks
20 Apr 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Julayne Virgil, CEO of Girls Inc. of Alameda County, describes how her organization provides youth with the confidence to overcome systemic gender bia...
David Baszucki (Roblox) - When the Platform is Your Product
16 Apr 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Tech entrepreneur David Baszucki explains how Roblox is essentially the YouTube for online games, a platform that derives immense value entirely from ...
Marc Tessier-Lavigne (Stanford University) - Elements of Effective Leadership
09 Mar 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Stanford University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne tells students that life is long and lived in chapters. Some of his include being a pioneering neur...
Josh McFarland (Greylock Partners) - Answering Common Startup Questions
07 Mar 2018
Contributed by Lukas
How do you know when it's time to start a company? Or when to begin fundraising, and how much? And, as you grow, how do you recruit the best executive...
M. Sanjayan and Harrison Ford (Conservation International) - Scaling Sustainability
27 Feb 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Actor Harrison Ford shares his longstanding commitment to preserving nature through Conservation International, joined by the organization's CEO, M. S...
Eurie Kim (Forerunner Ventures) - How to Know if Entrepreneurship is For You
20 Feb 2018
Contributed by Lukas
The key is understanding your own tolerance for risk in what you do for work, and how you pay the bills at home. At the firm Forerunner Ventures, foun...
Chris Anderson (3D Robotics) - The Ups and Downs of a Drone Startup
09 Feb 2018
Contributed by Lukas
The tale of 3D Robotics starts in the garage of a teenager in Tijuana, Mexico, who launched a drone-making factory with a $500 check from entrepreneur...
Sameer Dholakia (SendGrid) - Focus On People
05 Feb 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Choose co-founders based on their core values. Pick investors who will be there in your darkest hour. Make hiring the best people your top priority, a...
Leila Janah (Samasource) - Reversing Poverty By Giving People Work
30 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
Entrepreneur Leila Janah describes how her social enterprise Samasource allows people in Africa and elsewhere to lift themselves out of poverty throug...
Chris Gerdes (Stanford University) - Ingenuity Derived from Self-Driving Cars
23 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
On the racetrack, the checkered flag goes to the car that's driven to its limits and maneuvered decisively in the moment. On a two-lane road, the spli...
Patrick Brown, (Impossible Foods) - Food Fight To Turn Back Climate Change
05 Dec 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Make beef out of plants instead of cows and you can begin to save the planet. That's what inspired award-winning scientist Patrick Brown to leave his ...
Anne Wojcicki (23andMe) - Driving Discovery and Disruption
21 Nov 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Anne Wojcicki, co-founder and CEO of the popular DNA-testing company 23andMe, discusses how providing people with their own genetic data empowers cons...
Amy Chang (Accompany) - Entrepreneurs Keep Pushing
13 Nov 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Amy Chang had accomplished a lot in her eight years at Google, helping launch and then lead Google Analytics to 70 percent market share. But then she ...
Tristan Harris (Time Well Spent) - Making Technology Less Manipulative
03 Nov 2017
Contributed by Lukas
How good are you at limiting your screen time? Because of the way humans evolved, our brains are no match for the engineers, designers and companies t...
Catherine Berman (CNote) - Embrace Your Otherness
31 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Industry disruptors, it stands to reason, tend to be outsiders. But how comfortable are you not being an outlier? Serial entrepreneur Catherine Berman...
Rich Barton (Zillow Group) - Empower People with Information
25 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
There was a time, not long ago, when information we desperately wanted wasn't at our fingertips. What's the best deal on flights to New York? How much...
Bob Sutton (Stanford University) - How to Outwit Workplace Jerks
17 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Even as adults, we still have to deal with bullies, at work and otherwise. Stanford Professor Bob Sutton has devoted his career to studying organizati...
Sandy Jen (Honor) - The Rewards of Taking Risks
11 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Entrepreneur Sandy Jen has lived with self-doubt and insecurities throughout her life: in college, at her first startup, and later as a working mother...
Toni Townes-Whitley (Microsoft) - The Ethics of Innovation
07 Jun 2017
Contributed by Lukas
How often do entrepreneurs and corporate leaders think about issues like fairness, accessibility or unseen biases in the technologies they invent and ...
David Eagleman (Stanford School of Medicine) - A Brainy Approach to Innovation
31 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman shares his passion for translating the complexities of cognition into mind-blowing inventions and educational m...
Carlos Watson (Ozy Media) - Taking a Lead From Tech
24 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Carlos Watson, co-founder and CEO of Ozy Media, describes how its forward-focused digital news magazine, Ozy, looks more toward innovators in business...
Tim Kentley-Klay and Jesse Levinson (Zoox) - Self-Driving Cars for Everyone
17 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Tim Kentley-Klay and Jesse Levinson, co-founders of autonomous-vehicle startup Zoox, detail a not-too-distant future when we’ll get into their cars ...
Kevin Weil (Instagram) - Unfiltered Insights From Instagram
10 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
What motivates you to share a photo on Instagram — or not? Kevin Weil, head of product at the company, discusses everything from user behavior to bu...
Olivia Fox Cabane (Author and Speaker), Judah Pollack (Riverene Leadership) - Life Hacks for Breakthrough Thinking
03 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Olivia Fox Cabane and Judah Pollack, co-authors of the book “The Net and the Butterfly: The Art and Practice of Breakthrough Thinking,” share tips...
Debbie Sterling (GoldieBlox) - Disrupting the Pink Aisle
25 Apr 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Debbie Sterling, founder and CEO of GoldieBlox, shares her evolution from lonely inventor to inspiring entrepreneur with a vision to give young girls ...
Tracy Young (PlanGrid), Doug Leone (Sequoia Capital) - Solve the Problem You Have
19 Apr 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Entrepreneur Tracy Young and Doug Leone, global managing partner at Sequoia, discuss the nature of a harmonious relationship between a startup’s fou...
Di-Ann Eisnor (Waze) - Driving Growth + Authenticity
08 Mar 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Di-Ann Eisnor, director of growth for Waze, explores whether authenticity can be preserved when a well-meaning startup scales to a workforce of hundre...
Shirzad Chamine (Positive Intelligence, Inc.) - The Enlightened Entrepreneur
08 Mar 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Before Shirzad Chamine found his calling as a coach to today’s top CEOs and executive teams, he was a charismatic entrepreneur who turned into a hyp...
Dave Evans (Stanford Life Design Lab) - Designing the Life You Really Want
01 Mar 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Dave Evans, co-founder of the popular Life Design Lab at Stanford University, discusses the key concepts and exercises that guide students in their qu...
Susan Feldman (One Kings Lane) - Bootstrapping with Flair
15 Feb 2017
Contributed by Lukas
E-commerce entrepreneur Susan Feldman describes how she and her co-founder went from bootstrapping One Kings Lane in the midst of the Great Recession,...
Adam Grant (University of Pennsylvania) - Six Ways to be an ‘Original’
08 Feb 2017
Contributed by Lukas
University of Pennsylvania Professor Adam Grant, one of today’s most influential management thinkers, shares the top six takeaways from his book “...
Meg Whitman (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) - Lessons in Situational Leadership
01 Feb 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Meg Whitman, president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, describes how she learned to lead companies big and small to success by adjusting to dif...
Bob Tinker (MobileIron) - Evolving With Your Company
25 Jan 2017
Contributed by Lukas
Tech entrepreneur Bob Tinker was humbled when he stepped down as CEO of MobileIron, a leading provider of mobile security that went from being a three...
Brendan Boyle (IDEO) - Playing With Purpose
25 Jan 2017
Contributed by Lukas
It may not be rocket science, but there’s still much to consider when inventing children's toys, starting with all the ideas for what to build. With...
Jay Kaplan (Synack) - Crowdsourcing Cybersecurity
07 Dec 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Entrepreneur Jay Kaplan, co-founder and CEO of Synack, describes how the idea of creating a cybersecurity service for enterprise businesses by crowdso...
Julie Zhuo (Facebook) - How a Facebook Designer Thinks
30 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Julie Zhuo, vice president of product design at Facebook, describes how the development of new features starts with three questions: What people probl...
Michael Ackermann (Allergan) - A Tearful Tale of Biodesign
16 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Ackermann, CEO of a med-tech startup that created a tear-stimulation device for those with dry-eye disease, explains how acquisition by a glob...
Steve Blank (Stanford Engineering) - Entrepreneurship Strengthens a Nation
09 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Retired serial entrepreneur Steve Blank, creator of the “Lean LaunchPad” methodology for startups, discusses Silicon Valley’s roots as the epice...