Free City Radio
Episodes
261 Poppies, Palestine Action Group in Vilnius, Lithuania
31 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we go to Lithuania and speak with Monica and Noura who work with a project to build the Palestine solidarity moveme...
260, Yazan Al-Saadi in Beirut on media bias and the dehumanization of Palestinian people
31 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from Beirut based writer Yazan Al-Saadi, who offers some important critical context on the systemic biases ...
Beyond All Borderlines, Radio AlHara mix
28 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A mixtape for Radio AlHara that Stefan worked on to celebrate the release with Nour Sokhon. The track listing below highlights first the track name an...
259, Artist Erik Ruin
26 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to a conversation with artist Erik Ruin. In this exchange with the Philadelphia based artist we hear about a number of projects including a ser...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Author Amy Abdelnoor
24 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural workers for Palestine we feature a conversation with author and Palestinian human rights advocate Amy Abdelnoor. Based in ...
258, Voices beyond lockdown
17 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This edition of Free City Radio features audio from a Montreal launch for the zine Voices Beyond Lockdown: Collective action and care across borders i...
Off the Hour live from the Housing Justice Convergence, March 7, 2025
15 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A live panel discussion at the Housing Justice Convergence (housingjustice.now) that took place on Friday, March 7, moderated by Stefan Christoff of F...
Radio AlHara mix راديو الحارة (March 2025)
13 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This mixtape is a collaboration with two musicians, Dhangsha and Elyze Venne-Deshaies mixtape, I selected the last two tracks. First this is the write...
257, Community organizer Mostafa Henaway on opposing racism and war abroad and at home
11 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This program explores the ways that opposing policies of war abroad are inherently connected with local struggles against racism at home. Mostafa Hena...
Building solidarity across borders, from Bulgaria to Palestine (Live in Sofia), راديو الحارة
11 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Изгражадане на солидарност отвъд границите Building solidarity across borders Среща и разговор съ...
Never stop acting for Palestine - كواليس (CKUT 90.3 FM broadcast)
03 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Never stop acting for Palestine - CKUT 90.3 FM broadcast Saturday March 1, 2025 Darren Ell, Photographer Ehab Lotayef, Poet and community organizer R...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Ana Quiroga
02 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
For the March 2025 edition of Cultural workers for Palestine I am sharing a conversation with Ana Quiroga, a London based sound artist and musician. A...
256, A critique on militaristic Canadian foreign policy
25 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear a critique of the role that respective NDP and Liberal governments have played in boosting military exports...
Community voices speak out against the Conservatives in Canada
23 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A special program for broadcast on Free City Radio weekly spot on CKUT 90.3 FM, this program focuses on hearing community voices involved in organizin...
255, Activism for prisoner justice from Chicago to Montreal
23 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A round table discussion between community organizers and artists who are involved in prisoner justice work in both the Chicago and Montreal areas. Ol...
Quarter Tones + Stefan Christoff mix for Radio Alhara راديو الحارة
23 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix that I worked on with Quarter Tones, "a forward-thinking collaboration between German artist Henrik Raabe and Lebanese-Canadian artist Sar...
254, Istanbul activist Şeyma Altundal speaks on Palestine solidarity actions
20 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from Şeyma Altundal, an Istanbul based activist who works with the group Filistin icin Bin Genc. Şeyma sp...
Art in Action interview - León De la Rosa-Carrillo on cross border art practices in Ciudad Juárez
14 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On the July, 2025 edition of the Art in Action interview series I highlight the work of artist and curator León De la Rosa-Carrillo who speaks on cr...
Art in Action interview - Sonoscopia space in Porto, Portugal
14 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview we hear from collective members of Sonoscopia space in Porto, Portugal. This space is a community focused centre that provides a non...
Art in Action interview - Hajer Khader El Bizri speaks on Bairro Árabe walks in Lisbon, Portugal
13 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview we hear from Hajer Khader El Bizri speaking on Bairro Árabe walks in Lisbon, Portugal, which is a contemporary gathering and educa...
Art in Action interview - Artist Roger Peet on social movements and visual communication
12 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
An interview with visual artist and designer Roger Peet, a member of the Justseeds artists' cooperative. Roger speaks about the ways that visual commu...
253, The persisting importance of Guantánamo Bay with the Center for Constitutional Rights
11 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from Shayana Kadidal, a Senior Managing Attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights in New York. In th...
252, Tania Islas Weinstein speaks on Beyond Mestizaje - Contemporary Debates on Race in Mexico
04 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from author and educator Tania Islas Weinstein speaking on the recently published collective work "Beyond M...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Use Knife
02 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural workers for Palestine we hear from Belgian musicians Kwinten Mordijck and Stef Heeren speaking about their collaboration w...
Palestine at the heart of it all
24 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A mixtape drawing together contributions from friends around the world, including folks running independent record labels, record producers, poets, co...
Spirodon 01/2025 mix for Radio Alhara راديو الحارة
22 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A mixtape for Radio AlHara airing Sunday, Jan. 26, 2025. The first mixtape of 2025 for the station. The photo was taken at an exhibition at The Inte...
250, Journalist Ermilo Mendoza in Mexico City speaking on La Coperacha
19 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from journalist Ermilo Mendoza who speaks about work on a project called La Coperacha in Mexico. This is an...
Art in Action interview - Artist Nicola Di Croce
15 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On the Feb. 2025 edition of the Art in Action interview series we hear from sound artist Nicola Di Croce speaking about the ways that city spaces and ...
251, AirGo reflects on social movement and artistic voices from Chicago
15 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This discussion focuses on the AirGo community media project in Chicago. It is with Damon A. Williams and Daniel Kisslinger who coordinate the project...
Art in Action interview - Photographer and painter Renato Custodio in São Paulo
14 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On the March 2025 edition of Art in Action we hear from Brazilian painter and photographer Renato Custodio in São Paulo. Renato speaks about interve...
No Fest 2024 (Montreal experimental music) for Radio Alhara راديو الحارة
11 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A mixtape to air on Radio AlHara on Sun Jan 19, 2025 1pm - 2pm (EST), in Palestine at 8pm, that is based on the No Fest 2024 compilation of experiment...
249, Housing justice organizing on Prince Edward Island with Ryan MacRae
08 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from community organizer and researcher Ryan MacRae who works with the Cooper Institute in Charlottetown, P...
248, Alessandra Renzi speaks on AI industries as driving gentrification in Parc Ex, Montreal
02 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from educator and researcher Alessandra Renzi speaking on the ways that the AI technology boom in Quebec is...
Art in Action interview - Artist Dudu Tsuda
02 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Art in Action we hear perspectives from contemporary Brazilian artist Dudu Tsuda. Dudu speaks about recent projects that are influe...
Art and scholarship in action for Palestine (Live in Brussels), راديو الحارة
01 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
"Art and scholarship in action for Palestine" A live broadcast that took place in Brussels, Belgium, an opportunity to share ideas, experiences and r...
247, Dru Oja Jay on Conservative party in Canada exploting the housing crisis
01 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from author, researcher and community organizer Dru Oja Jay speaking about work on a recently published rep...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Squirrel Flower
31 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural workers for Palestine we hear from Squirrel Flower, the celebrated American musician. Squirrel Flower canceled her perform...
Palestine solidarity movements in Montreal and beyond, live on CKUT 90.3 FM
23 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Live from Casa del Popolo: Palestine solidarity movements in Montreal and beyond This panel discussion was hosted by Stefan Christoff in collaboratio...
246, Poet Fenton Benjamin on living homeless in Montreal today
22 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This is the first in a series of 4 interviews that will air here on Free City Radio that address the crisis of homelessness in Montreal, Quebec and Ca...
Spirodon 12/2024 mix for Radio Alhara راديو الحارة
21 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A mix for Radio AlHara in Palestine, airing on Dec. 22, 2024 8am Pacific, 11am eastern time, 6pm Palestine time, live at radioalhara.net This is the ...
Community voice on housing justice struggles - CKUT 90.3 FM broadcast
18 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A live panel discussion at Concordia University, that took place at the SHIFT Centre for Social Transformation and was recorded for broadcast on CKUT ...
Voices Across Borders, راديو الحارة (Live at OT301, Amsterdam)
12 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to a panel discussion recorded at OT301 in Amsterdam, specifically at the Ventilator Cinema, an alternative screening room and cultural space i...
Art In Action interview - Rodrigo Brandão
10 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Art in Action we hear from Brazilian poet, spoken word artist and performer Rodrigo Brandão. In this interview Rodrigo speaks abo...
Cultural workers for Palestine - No Silence project
01 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A discussion with two Montreal artists who were involved in bringing together voices and contributions for the No Silence zine project to support Radi...
Community Voices Respond to Poilievre’s Corporate Agenda for Canada, broadcast on CKUW 95.9 FM
30 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A report for CKUW 95.9 FM in Winnipeg on a community panel that took place in Montreal entitled "Community Voices Respond To Poilievre’s Corporate A...
242, Bolivia por Palestina solidarity project
24 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with Celeste Lezcano of the Bolivia Por Palestina project that aims to mobilize support for Palestinians in Gaza in the context...
Radio Alhara mix, 11 / 2024 - راديو الحارة
22 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix with the Montréal based duo Bibi Club, thank you for the collaboration and to Mischa Karam for helping to facilitate this mix. Artwork by...
A mix for Underground sounds on CKUT 90.3 FM, 01/2025
21 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A mix for the program Underground sounds, airing Mondays from 8-10pm on CKUT 90.3 FM in Montreal, below is the track listing, thank you for listening!...
241, Vocalist Macadi Nahhas sings across colonial borderlines
17 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear the reflections of Amman based singer and songwriter Macadi Nahhas speaking about the ways that music in th...
245, Mohawk Mothers push to address unmarked Indigenous graves at McGill University
16 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with Kahn-Tineta Horn, a long time Indigenous voice for justice. Specifically this interview is about the push by the Mohawk Mo...
244, Collectif Vietnam Dioxine and Trần Tố Nga's legal struggle against Agent Orange
13 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Tom Nico of Collectif Vietnam Dioxine speaks about the Vietnamese elder Trần Tố Nga's legal struggle against Agent Orange within the French co...
243, Israeli activist Shir Hever offers perspectives on solidarity with Palestine
13 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from Israeli activist and researcher Shir Hever who offers reflections about the ways that this critical mo...
'Transmission in silver' mix - Stefan Christoff and Joseph Sannicandro
13 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A mix for Radio AlHara that features the latest collaborative album between Joseph Sannicandro and Stefan Christoff. This mix also includes some drone...
Interview with Ramzi Kaiss of Human Rights Watch on mass displacement in Lebanon
12 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with Ramzi Kaiss of Human Rights Watch's office in Beirut, Lebanon speaking on the massive displacement of people from south Le...
Norman Nawrocki mixtape
11 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This is a mix that features both unreleased practices and experimentations, as well as recorded tracks. This mix is an homage to a long musical relati...
Interview with Ghassan Makarem on Israeli state bombing as ecocide in south Lebanon
11 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview community organizer Ghassan Makarem in Beirut speaks about the ways that the Israeli state bombing of south Lebanon has impacted the...
240, Mexico City's Anarchist Black Cross
10 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from the frontline prisoner support collective, Anarchist Black Cross collective, which campaigns both loca...
Interview with Shir Hever on the call for an arms embargo on the Israeli state
06 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with researcher, organizer and author Shir Hever speaking on the critical importance of the continued push for an arms embargo ...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Author Zahra Ali
04 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural workers for Palestine we hear from author and educator Zahra Ali who wrote the critically important book "Women and Gender...
239, Cindy Barukh Milstein on Constellations of Care: Anarcha-Feminism in Practice
03 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition we hear from author and community activist Cindy Barukh Milstein speaking on their latest book "Constellations of Care: Anarcha-Femini...
Paysages sonores du Portugal by Diana Duta and Stefan Christoff
03 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Paysages sonores du Portugal by Diana Duta and Stefan Christoff Broadcast on Radio Panik, Bruxelles, 1er octobre à 12h00 https://www.radiopanik.org...
Art In Action interview - Lou Piensa on global hip-hop today
02 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Art in Action for Nov. 2024 we feature a conversation with hip-hop artist and educator Lou Piensa, based in São Paulo, Brazil. Lou...
Emiliano Cruz + Spirodon mix for Radio AlHara, راديو الحارة
27 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix with Mexico City based musician Emiliano Cruz for Radio AlHara in Palestine. Track listing below, artist name / track name. Photo taken in...
238, Nikolas Barry-Shaw on fighting for national Pharmacare in Canada
27 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This interview details the ways that grassroots activism played a role in the successful struggle to begin implementing a national Pharmacare program ...
237, On the book "The Self-Devouring Society, Capitalism, Narcissism, and Self-Destruction"
20 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from educator and translator Eric-John Russell who shares reflections on engaging with the work of Anselm J...
236, Filmmaker Riar Rizaldi on Tellurian Drama
13 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A discussion with filmmaker and artist Riar Rizaldi who speaks about their project Tellurian Drama. This conversation revolves around the ways that re...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Landra collective in Portugal
07 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with Sara and Rodrigo from the Landra collective speaking about their involvement in the Sismógrafo art space in Porto, Portug...
235, Mexico City's 316centro and alternative culture today
06 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with cultural worker and curator José Cortés Ortega about the cultural space 316centro in the heart of Mexico City. This in...
Art In Action interview - Artist Robert Ostertag
04 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On the October 2024 edition of Art in Action we hear from artist Robert Ostertag based in the Bay Area. In this exchange Robert speaks on a series of ...
Voices against war and racism, CKUT 90.3 FM broadcast
04 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This live broadcast on CKUT 90.3 FM broadcast today, on Sounds of Resistance was co-hosted by Samaa Elibyari, a long-time CKUT volunteer programmer an...
Charline Dally + Spirodon mix for Radio AlHara, راديو الحارة
03 Oct 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix with artist Charline Dally broadcast on Radio AlHara, Sept. 24, 2024. Track listing below, artist name(s) and then track name. Original ar...
234, Resistencia publishing on creating kids books that support Indigenous languages in Mexico City
29 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear about Resistencia publishing in Mexico City from Josefina Larragoiti. A publishing press focused on lifting...
Voices for housing justice - A community press conference in Montreal
26 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This is the audio from a community press conference that took place in Montreal in late June 2024 at Casa del Popolo, bringing together a network of c...
T. Gowdy + Spirodon mix for Radio AlHara, راديو الحارة
22 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix for Radio AlHara in Palestine, airing on Sunday, Sept. 22 at 11am eastern / 6pm Palestine time, the tracks were jointly selected by T. Gow...
233, Adam Shapiro speaks on the dynamics of the global movement for Palestine
22 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from longtime activist Adam Shapiro, a co-founder of the International Solidarity Movement (ISM) in Palesti...
Artists and tenants under attack by real estate monsters, on CKUT 90.3 FM
20 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Artists and tenants under attack by real estate monsters A live community broadcast on CKUT 90.3 FM Saturday, Sept. 14, 2024 2-4pm live on CKUT 90.3...
Indigo Kills Kids campaign, interview for Funky Revolutions on CKUT 90.3 FM
20 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Listen to an interview with a Montreal community member who is involved in organizing a local action for the campaign to challenge Indigo bookshop in ...
SILVER MOON X mix II
19 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
SILVER MOON X mix, Sept. 2024 This mix draws from the first live performance in Montréal by SILVER MOON X that took place at Casa del Popolo on May ...
Vancouver voices for housing justice, 08/2024, for CiTR, a report by Stefan Christoff
17 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This is a report based on recordings that I did at Spartacus books in Vancouver surrounding a gathering focused on building connections between housin...
Sarah El Miniawy mix for Radio AlHara, راديو الحارة
15 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A beautiful music selection by Sarah El Miniawy of the awesome Simsara music created for Radio AlHara - راديو الحارة The accompanying phot...
232, John Tarleton speaks on The Indypendent newspaper project in NYC
15 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we hear from John Tarleton, the editor of The Indypendent. On this program we hear about the critical importance o...
Celina Yellowbird à propos du film Singing Back The Buffalo
13 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
An interview with Celina Yellowbird an Indigenous researcher who contributed to the film Singing Back the Buffalo which is launching across Canada thi...
Journalist Arun Gupta shares NY context on Gaza solidarity encampment at Columbia University
09 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
I always appreciate the work that Arun Gupta does to both cover and share context to social activism in NYC and beyond. I spoke with Arun about the Ga...
231, CERRUCHA on collective Feminist art projects in Mexico
08 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Free City Radio we visit the work and organizing of artist / activist CERRUCHA, based in Mexico City. On this program CERRUCHA spea...
Voices for Palestine - Global solidarity
07 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Voices for Palestine - Global solidarity Sept. 7, 2024 This 4 hour collective community broadcast weaves sounds from protests to support freedom in P...
Art in Action interview - Filmmaker Konrad Aderer on Enemy Alien
06 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Art in Action we feature a conversation with filmmaker Konrad Aderer speaking on the post 9/11 film "Enemy Alien." This film docume...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Sarathy Korwar
02 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural workers for Palestine we hear from percussionist and composer Sarathy Korwar speaking from London. Learn more about Sarath...
230, Author Max Haiven on palm oil, prisoners and capitalism today
01 Sep 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Capitalism’s sacrifice of humanity: An interview series produced for broadcast on Free City Radio by Stefan Christoff in consultation and collaborat...
Una entrevista sobre la Organización Popular Francisco Villa De Izquierda Independiente (OPFVII)
30 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Esta es una entrevista sobre la Organización Popular Francisco Villa De Izquierda Independiente (OPFVII) con un coordinador del proyecto, Gerardo Mez...
Launette + Spirodon 08/2024 mix for Radio Alhara راديو الحارة
25 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A joint mix with Launette for Radio AlHara, airing on Sunday, July 28 at 11am eastern time, 6pm in Bethlehem, Palestine. Launette selected the first 4...
229, Author Keren Wang on "An Atlas of Ritual Sacrifice in Late-Capitalism"
25 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Capitalism’s sacrifice of humanity: An interview series produced for broadcast on Free City Radio by Stefan Christoff in consultation and collaborat...
Ousmane Ag Mossa, le chanteur de Tamikrest, en conversation avec Stefan Christoff
19 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Ousmane Ag Mossa, le chanteur de Tamikrest, en conversation avec Stefan Christoff. Broadcast on Radio AlHara, August 19, 2024, à 15h en Palestine, 8h...
Inner Lands mix - Spirodon 18/08/2024
18 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A mix featuring the album Inner Lands airing on Radio AlHara in Palestine on August 18 2024 at 5pm eastern time / 12 midnight Palestine time, thank yo...
228, Activist scholar Nick Partyka, on capitalism’s sacrifice of humanity
18 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Capitalism’s sacrifice of humanity: An interview series produced for broadcast on Free City Radio by Stefan Christoff in consultation and collabora...
Art in Action, راديو الحارة (Live at Casa do Comum, Lisbon)
15 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
A live recording of excerpts from the Art in Action broadcast that was live on Radio AlHara from Casa do comum (https://www.casadocomum.org) in Lisbon...
Spirodon mix featuring Alejandro Saravia, 08/2024
15 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This mix by Stefan Christoff features poetry by Alejandro Saravia, created for broadcast on community and arts radio projects, AM / FM and online. Bel...
Interview with legal scholar Michael Lynk on relationship between intl law and social movements
14 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
This interview with the former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967 addresses the...
Cultural workers for Palestine - Zeerak Ahmed (Slowspin)
13 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
On this edition of Cultural Workers for Palestine we hear from independent cultural force, improvisor, sound artist and vocalist Zeerak Ahmed (Slowspi...
Reporter Justin Salhani shares key missing context to western coverage on Yemen today
13 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview with reporter Justin Salhani we get some background context and information around the political, cultural and social context as to ...
Journalist Nada Bakri on the context to the Israeli state's bombings in Lebanon
12 Aug 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview Nada Bakri speaks about the horrifying impacts of the Israeli state's context to the bombing campaign. I thought that it would be im...