Heart Podcast
Episodes
Refractory angina - how can we improve our service to patients?
24 Feb 2018
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Paul Sainsbury from Bradford Royal Infirmary. They discuss hi...
The Orbita Trial - the inside scoop - Part 2
21 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd visits Professor Darrel Francis and Dr. Rasha Al-Lamee at "Orbita HQ" in Imp...
The Orbita Trial - the inside scoop - Part 1
21 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd visits Professor Darrel Francis and Dr. Rasha Al-Lamee at "Orbita HQ" at Imp...
Cardiac CT, NICE and chest pain - can we meet the demand for imaging?
14 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by cardiologist and cardiac CT expert Dr. Ed Nicol from The Royal ...
Can we predict aortic stenosis progression using blood biomarkers?
02 Jan 2018
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Atul Anand from the University of Edinburgh. They discuss his...
Inflammation and heart disease - what’s next?
10 Dec 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by a vascular biology legend, Professor Peter Libby from Harvard U...
Management of mature athletes with cardiovascular conditions
15 Nov 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Andrew D'Silva, author of a comprehensive Education in Heart...
Gender differences in achieving secondary prevention targets - a comparison of three regions
12 Nov 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Ian Graham, from Trinity College Dublin. Professor Gr...
Pulmonary hypertension - a guide for cardiologists
24 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Nick Morrell, a pulmonary hypertension expert from Ca...
Olive oil, sunshine and a half hour walk - a conversation with Dr. Aseem Malhotra
11 Oct 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Aseem Malhotra from Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK. They di...
CT-derived fractional flow reserve - are we there yet?
12 Sep 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Ronak Rajani from Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London...
Life on the conference trail - an ESC 2017 preview show with Shelley Wood from TCTMD.com
22 Aug 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Shelley Wood, a journalist and managing editor of TCTMD.com. Th...
Reuse of pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation devices
14 Aug 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Raja Selvaraj from the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate ...
How does going to space affect our health?
31 Jul 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Benjamin Levine from UT Southwestern Medical Center, ...
Losing control - Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy
31 Jul 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Pier Lambiase from Bart's Heart Centre and University...
Tips for publishing your research
13 Jul 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Heart Editor-In-Chief Professor Catherine Otto from Seattle, US...
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection - why does it happen?
30 Jun 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr David Adlam from the University of Leicester. They discuss s...
An MR-guided approach to angina management - the MR INFORM Study
14 Jun 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Eike Nagel from the Frankfurt Institute for Translati...
Cardiology in Focus - the launch plan
07 Jun 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Jubin Joseph from St Thomas’ Hospital, London. They discuss...
Assessing stable chest pain - a NICE win for CT
11 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Adam Timmis from Barts Heart Centre. The UK NICE comm...
Stable chest pain assessment revisited - the case against cardiac CT
03 May 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Paul Cremer from The Cleveland Clinic. They discuss Paul's ...
Tips for managing cardiac emergencies in pregnancy
26 Apr 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. van Hagen and Professor Roos Hesselink from Erasmus Univers...
How to diagnose pulmonary embolism: Age-adjusted D-dimer, PERC rule and Wells score
12 Apr 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this special episode, we bring you three interviews with key people behind clinical decision tools for prediction of pulmonary embolism. This topic...
It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future - CV risk prediction in 2020
11 Apr 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Amitava Banerjee from Farr Institute, University College Lo...
Atrial fibrillation - the essentials
30 Mar 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Paulus Kirchhof from University of Birmingham. They d...
Computational modelling for congenital heart disease: how far are we from clinical translation?
14 Mar 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Giovanni Biglino from the Bristol Heart Institute. They discuss...
The troponin controversies
27 Feb 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Andrew Chapman from the BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Scien...
Trends in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK
15 Feb 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Prachi Bhatnagar from Oxford, UK. They discuss the changing...
State of the art in nuclear cardiology
26 Jan 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Nik Sabharwal from Oxford Heart Centre, UK. They discuss the...
Sex differences in prodromal symptoms in acute coronary syndrome
12 Jan 2017
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Nadia Khan from University of British Columbia in Van...
An update on Cardiac CT
12 Dec 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Michelle Williams from university of Edinburgh. They discus...
The electronic health record as a catalyst for quality improvement in patient care
29 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Thomas Payne from the University of Seattle, where he is the...
Younger smokers over eight times more likely to have heart attack. Why and what can be done?
28 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Ever Grech from South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheff...
Evidence, experts, trustworthy guidelines and WikiRecs
11 Nov 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Catherine Otto from University of Washington School o...
Screening for atrial fibrillation - why and how?
31 Oct 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Johan Engdahl from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, S...
Mechanical circulatory support: current concepts and future directions
13 Oct 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Divaka Perera from St. Thomas' Hospital, London. Divaka rece...
Cardiac MRI in 11 minutes!
27 Sep 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Prof. James Moon. Prof. Moon is director of The Cardiovascular Magn...
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and incident coronary heart disease
12 Sep 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Carlos Iribarren of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Di...
The cardiac consult for patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery
30 Aug 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Steven Cohn from the University of Miami Miller school of Medic...
Carotid artery disease: stenting vs surgery
10 Aug 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Marco Roffi from the University Hospital, Geneva. He is t...
Gender differences in coronary heart disease
28 Jul 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr. Ramzi Khamis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute, Hamme...
Big data: a big deal for cardiology?
13 Jul 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Associate Editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Professor Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Professor of Internet Governan...
Physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease: implications for the clinician
29 Jun 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart Podcast, Heart associate editor Dr James Rudd is in conversation with Dr Tina Varghese from Emory University, Atlanta. Sh...
Interview with Dr Marc Dweck - his journey into research
17 Jun 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, digital media editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Marc Dweck from Edinburgh University. Marc is a BHF Intermedi...
Monitoring the biological activity of abdominal aortic aneurysms - beyond ultrasound
24 May 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, associate editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Rachel Forsythe, a vascular surgeon from the University of Edinbu...
Interview with Professor Peter Weissberg of the British Heart Foundation
24 May 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this edition of the Heart podcast, associate editor Dr. James Rudd sits down with Professor Peter Weissberg, Medical Director of the British Heart ...
A 10-year prognostic model for patients with suspected angina attending a chest pain clinic
28 Apr 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this edition of the Heart Podcast, associate editor Dr James Rudd chats to Professor Adam Timmis from the Barts Heart Centre, London, UK about his ...
Controlled release metoprolol for aortic regurgitation
29 Mar 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart Podcast, Heart associate editor Dr James Rudd is joined by Dr Kaspar Broch of the Oslo University Hospital, Norway to dis...
Handheld echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease by non-experts
04 Mar 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Heart digital media editor Dr. James Rudd is joined by Dr Michelle Ploutz from the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s National Health Sy...
Ischaemic cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology, assessment and the role of revascularisation
08 Feb 2016
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Divaka Perera from King's College, London and Guy's and St Thomas' Hopsital joins Dr James Rudd, associate editor at Heart, to discuss his recent E...
The optimal non-invasive imaging test selection for the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease
03 Feb 2016
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart Podcast, Heart Digital Media Editor Dr James Rudd is in conversation with Dr Chris Fordyce from the Duke Clinical Researc...
Education in Heart - The Relaunch, with Dr Sarah Clarke
27 Oct 2015
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast Dr James Rudd talks to Dr Sarah Clarke, President of the British Cardiovascular Society and Editor of the Education in Heart section o...
ESC conference London - Stephen Nicholls
20 Oct 2015
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast Dr James Rudd talks to Professor Stephen Nicholls, consultant cardiologist and Deputy Director of the South Australian Health and Medi...
Healthcare outcomes for treatment-naïve cancer patients using cardiovascular biomarkers
13 Oct 2015
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast Dr James Rudd speaks to Dr Alexander Lyon, consultant cardiologist at the Royal Brompton Hospital, about the effects of cancer treatme...
Is anger a trigger for cardiovascular disease?
25 Sep 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Editor-in-Chief Dr Catherine Otto talks to Dr Elizabeth Mostofsky at the Cardiac Society of Australia & New Zealand meeting in Melbourne. They dis...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
25 Sep 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Editor-in-Chief Dr Catherine Otto talks to Dr Carolyn Lam at the Cardiac Society of Australia & New Zealand meeting in Melbourne. They discuss her...
Ebstein’s anomaly in adults
25 Sep 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Editor-in-Chief Dr Catherine Otto talks to Dr David Calemajer at the Cardiac Society of Australia & New Zealand meeting in Melbourne. They discuss...
Cardiovascular biomarkers in cancer patients and their association with all-cause mortality
22 Sep 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Alistair Lindsey talks to Martin Hülsmann and Noemi Pavo, both from the Medical University of Vienna, about their paper examining cardiovascular biom...
Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women
03 Sep 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Chocolate is an important dietary source of flavonoid antioxidants, which are hypothesised to have a beneficial effect on endothelial function and pro...
Haemodynamic and anatomic progression of aortic stenosis
23 Jul 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, but the impact of baseline AS haemodynamic or anatomic severity on AS progression remains unclear...
PCI recommendations and guidelines 2015
08 Jun 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has a considerable evidence base and it is firmly established as the most common procedure used in the invasi...
Type 2 myocardial infarction in clinical practice
21 Apr 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Alistair Lindsay speaks to Dr Tomasz Baron about his research which aimed to assess differences in incidence, clinical features, current treatment ...
Cardiovascular risk profile and frailty in a population-based study of older British men
17 Apr 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Frailty in older age is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the extent to which frailty is associated with the CVD...
Identifying low risk patients after a single high sensitivity troponin
25 Mar 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Alistair Lindsay speaks to Dr Edward Carlton about his published paper investigating whether a novel accelerated diagnostic protocol (ADP) for susp...
Coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium
25 Mar 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Alistair Lindsay spoke to Dr Eliseo Guallar about his study to nvestigate the association between regular coffee consumption and the prevalence of ...
Fitness and stress resilience in adolescence and coronary heart disease risk in middle age
22 Jan 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Alistair Lindsay talks to Scott Montgomery, honorary professor of epidemiology and public health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, UCL, about h...
Adding ezetimibe to simvastatin: Results of the IMPROVE-IT trial
07 Jan 2015
Contributed by Lukas
Alistair Lindsey talks to Christopher Cannon, Havard Clinical Research Institute, about the results of his IMPROVE-IT trial, which examined clinical o...
Endothelial function in contemporary patients with repaired coarctation of aorta
14 Nov 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Some studies have suggested endothelial dysfunction in adult patients after repair of aortic coarctation (CoA), and it has been proposed to play a key...
New ESC Guidelines for aortic disease
03 Oct 2014
Contributed by Lukas
The ESC has published new guidelines for diagnosis and management of thoracic aortic disease. In this podcast, Catherine Otto asks Dr Iung, Professo...
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in children and young adults
26 Sep 2014
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of the Heart podcast, Dr James Rudd, associate editor, sits down to talk with Prof Valentin Fuster, director of Mount Sinai Heart and ...
Risk models for pregnant women with congenital heart disease
05 Sep 2014
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast Catherine Otto speaks to Dr P G Pieper, Associate Professor of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands, about...
”Is climbing Everest good for my heart, doctor?”
01 Sep 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Recorded at the 2014 British Cardiovascular Society meeting in Manchester, Heart associate editor Dr James Rudd talks to Dr Rob Casserley, summiteer o...
Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
26 Aug 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Professor Vahanian, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France, is a world leader in management of patients with Valvular Heart Disease and is the lead author of ...
Transcatheter mitral valve repair: which patients benefit?
22 Aug 2014
Contributed by Lukas
In this interview held during the Transcatheter Valve Therapeutics Meeting in Vancouver, Canada in June 2014, Heart editor Catherine Otto talks to Ted...
Cardiac Electrophysiology in 2014
15 Aug 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Recorded at the 2014 British Cardiovascular Society meeting in Manchester, Heart associate editor Dr James Rudd talks to Dr Arthur Yue, consultant ele...
Physical activity level and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease
04 Aug 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Extensive research has established that physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in healthy adults...
Short-term effects of air pollution on a range of cardiovascular events in England and Wales
25 Jul 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Experimental and epidemiological studies have provided evidence of associations between air pollution and cardiovascular health. More pollution-relate...
Patient prosthesis mismatch: Does it matter?
20 Jun 2014
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast Heart editor in chief Catherine Otto, discusses patient prothesis mismatch with Professor Philippe Pibarot, Directeur, Chaire de Rech...
Determinants of effective heart failure self-care
20 Jun 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Heart failure (HF) self-care matters, but what matters most in HF self-care? To inform the design of future interventions and promote effective HF s...
Joint British Societies’ consensus recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
25 Mar 2014
Contributed by Lukas
This podcast discusses the 3rd Joint British Societies’ (JBS) consensus recommendations, released on 26th March 2014. These eagerly anticipated gu...
Validity of Charlson Comorbidity Index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome
21 Mar 2014
Contributed by Lukas
In this podcast, Philip Urban, Cardiovascular Department, Hôpital de La Tour, Geneva, discusses the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Read the relate...
Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coronary artery calcification in Japanese men
21 Mar 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major public health problem not only in developed but also in developing countries.1 CHD rates in Japan are uniquely...
Statins after acute coronary syndrome: a missed opportunity
07 Mar 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Catherine Otto, Heart editor, talks to Greg Roth from the Division of Cardiology at University of Washington about his editorial which appears on hear...
Maintenance of statin use over 3 years following acute coronary syndromes
18 Feb 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Alistair Lindsay speaks to Dr Corina Grey, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, about her recent study looking at long-term adheren...
Aortic dilatation patterns and rates in adults with bicuspid aortic valves
18 Feb 2014
Contributed by Lukas
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is related to aortic dilatation, but patterns/rates are conflicting with no comparison among aneurysms of different aetiol...
Drs Bob Bonow and Catherine Otto discuss current issues in aortic valve stenosis
16 Dec 2013
Contributed by Lukas
At the 2013 Uruguayan Society of Cardiology meeting in Montevideo, Dr Robert Bonow, Professor of Cardiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School...
MRI-measured regression of carotid atherosclerosis induced by statins with and without niacin
02 Dec 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Read the full research onine: http://heart.bmj.com/content/99/22/1675 Dr Joao Lima, from the Division of Cardiology at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Balit...
Fatal venous thromboembolism associated with hospital admission
02 Dec 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Read the full research online: http://heart.bmj.com/content/99/23/1734 In 2010, the Department of Health in England introduced an incentivised nationa...
Bone marrow derived cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy
19 Nov 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Catherine Otto, Heart's editor in chief, interviews April Stempien-Otero from the University of Washington, at the American Heart Association meeting ...
Professor Alain Cribier
01 Jul 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Patrick Calvert interviews Alain Cribier, Director of Cardiology at Charles Nicolle Hospital, University of Rouen in France, and pioneer in the field ...
Professor Alec Vahanian
01 Jul 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Patrick Calvert interviews Alec Vahanian, Head of the Cardiology Department, Bichat University Hospital, Paris at the annual British Cardiovascular So...
Anthony De Maria
01 Jul 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Alistair Lindsay interviews Anthony De Maria, director of the Cardiovascular Center at the UC San Diego medical school, and current Editor in Chief of...
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and transient left ventricular dysfunction
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
As we near ten years since the first transcatheter aortic vale implantation, Alistair Lindsey, Heart’s JournalScan editor, talks to Philip MacCarthy...
Pathophysiology and management of acute coronary syndromes
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Mark de Belder (consultant cardiologist in Middlesbrough) talks to James McLenachan (consultant cardiologist in Leeds) and Keith Channon (professor of...
Aortic valve disease
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Guy Lloyd (a consultant cardiologist in Eastbourne) talks to Gerry McCann (a cardiologist in Leicester) and John Chambers (president of the British He...
Reperfusion injury
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Michael Marber (professor of Cardiology at King’s College London) discusses reperfusion injury with Michel Ovize (professor at the Hôpitaux de Lyon...
Current issues in cardiology training
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Jim Hall (BCS vice-president for training, and chairman of the SAC) talks to Thanh Phan (SPL trainee from the Northern Deanery) about current issues i...
The future of cardiovascular imaging
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Matthias Schmitt (cardiac magnetic resonance specialist, University Hospital of South Manchester) and Guy Lloyd (consultant cardiologist in Eastbourne...
Interpreting the ECGs of airline pilots
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Iain Simpson (vice president for Education and Research at the British Cardiovascular Society, and a cardiologist in Southampton) talks to Michael Joy...
Radiofrequency ablation and ventricular fibrillation storms
23 Apr 2013
Contributed by Lukas
Andrew Grace (consultant cardiologist, Cambridge) talks to Bill Stevenson (electrophysiologist from the Brigham Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical Sc...