Latino USA

The Saint of Sex Workers: Remembering Trans Icon Cecilia Gentili

10 May 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Two years after her untimely death, Cecilia Gentili remains a legendary trans icon. As International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia...

Julieta Venegas on Her New Music, Embracing Her Roots, and Mexican Dads

08 May 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Grammy award-winning Mexican artist Julieta Venegas just released an album and a memoir all about being a Norteña. But like many growing up in ...

'None of Us Are Safe in the United States Right Now': A Roundtable on Press Freedom

03 May 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Governments worldwide are restricting press freedom, with the U.S. experiencing a drastic decline under the second Trump administration. Funding cuts ...

'Being There Was Torture': Journalist Estefany Rodríguez on Her ICE Detention

01 May 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Estefany Rodríguez, a Nashville-based journalist from Colombia, was arrested and detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement this past Marc...

Can I Go Back to Colombia?

26 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In this intimate reflection, Colombian-American producer Tasha Sandoval takes listeners with her as she returns to her native Colombia, after a lifeti...

'I Am a Dutchirican': Puerto Rican Mennonites in Pennsylvania Dutch Country

24 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

After World War II, Puerto Ricans began settling in Pennsylvania Dutch Country, drawn by economic opportunities among Mennonite farming communities. S...

‘Mexodus’: A Trump-Era Protest Musical Explores Underground Railroad to Mexico

19 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

“If Hamilton is an Obama-era hope musical, we are a Trump-era protest musical," said Nygel D. Robinson, co-creator of “Mexodus.”&nbs...

'Cuba Is Next': U.S. Sanctions and the New Economy of Survival

17 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Shortages of food, fuel, and basic goods are deepening the crisis in Cuba. For many families living on the island, survival now depends on an outside ...

Comedy Legend John Leguizamo: A Self-Proclaimed Ghetto Intellectual and Freak

12 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

John Leguizamo is back on our screens—though he never really left. For decades he has played characters that have become comedy cult classics: C...

A Colombian Ancestral Musical Genius You Should Know About

10 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Petrona Martínez is one of the most important Black singers in Colombia's modern history—and she didn't get her big break until she was 6...

Meet the Real Estate Dolls: 'We’re Big Ass Trans Women From South Texas'

05 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Real Estate duo Miss Jamie Zapata and Kassandra Alicea went viral on social media in 2025 after showcasing luxurious homes as themselves: “Big a...

'Death by a Thousand Cuts': The Crackdown of DACA Under Trump

03 Apr 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Once a protected group of immigrants, people with DACA are now being detained and deported under the Trump administration. More than half a million pe...

Mexican by Choice: Maria Hinojosa on Reclaiming Her Mexican Citizenship

29 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In 1989, Maria Hinojosa gave up her Mexican citizenship when she became a naturalized U.S. Citizen. She didn’t know it at the time, but she&rsqu...

Maria Grever: Remembering the Musical Genius You Didn’t Know You Knew

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In 1916, a Mexican composer named Maria Grever moved to New York City with her two kids. She went on to write about 1,000 songs until her death in 195...

La Brega: A 1902 Deportation Case That Reverberates Today

22 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In 1902, Isabel González arrived in Ellis Island, pregnant, alone and with only $11.00 in her pocket. She —like others before her— ...

“It Was Time”: Dolores Huerta’s First Interview After “Devastating” Cesar Chavez Expose

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

For decades, Cesar Chavez's name has been synonymous with workers’ rights. School buildings and streets bear his name. Alongside Chavez always s...

‘Demographic Paranoia’: Jelani Cobb on ICE, Race, and the Importance of History

15 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

“We are dealing with the consequences of a demographic paranoia now.” Journalist, historian, and author Jelani Cobb often looks to the pas...

The Tuba's Emancipation: Unknown History, Magic, and Lessons From the World of Band

13 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Journalist and author Sam Quinones spent his career reporting on crime, drug trafficking and addiction. After his latest book on the opioid epidemic, ...

Los Oscars Are Back: Sinners, Battles, and Secret Agents

08 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The Oscars are back! The live three-hour broadcast can be a pressure cooker of high emotional stakes, with technical failures and unpredictable celebr...

Six Weeks and One Day: A Day Inside an Atlanta Abortion Clinic

06 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In Georgia, most abortions are illegal after six weeks, which is often before most people even realize that they are pregnant. At one abortion clinic ...

'Testing Grounds': How the U.S.-Mexico Border and Honduras Help Explain Immigration Enforcement Today

01 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

What started decades ago at the U.S.-Mexico border didn’t stay there. Journalist, author, and professor Jean Guerrero speaks with Maria Hinojosa...

USA Under Trump: The Mass Detention Economy and the Fight for Democracy

27 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

After the longest State of the Union address in U.S. history this past Tuesday, we go beyond the lies and omissions to assess where our country stands...

Trump's Secretaries Go Wild + Little Marco Takes Center Stage

24 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Introducing Bleep! with Ana Navaro, a new weekly podcast from Hyphenate Media Group and iHeart's My Cultura Podcast Network.  Maria Hinojosa, Jou...

Born in Exile: Ana Tijoux on Music and Resistance

22 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Ana Tijoux’s decades-long career is recognized and regarded for music that disregards borders and genres. Born in France to Chilean parents who ...

It’s an 'Information War': A Look Behind ICE’s Viral Social Media Campaign

20 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

ICE is waging an “information war” on social media, TV, and radio. Washington Post reporters got access to thousands of chats and internal...

Culture Is Freedom: Remembering Garifuna Legend Aurelio Martínez

15 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Last year in March, Honduran composer and singer artist Aurelio Martinez died in a tragic plane crash. Aurelio was the voice of the Garifuna people an...

More Than a Friendship: An Intimate Conversation With Actors Diego Luna and Gael García Bernal

13 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Valentine’s Day is not just about romantic love, we celebrate love and friendship in el día del amor y la amistad. So for this episode Ma...

La Brega: Who Are Our Puerto Rican Champions?

08 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

It was January 24, 2022. The King of Spain was coming to Puerto Rico. But everyone woke up to unexpected news: the statue of the Spanish conquistador ...

Untangling the Many Meanings Behind 'La Brega' and Its Ubiquity Among Puerto Ricans

06 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

As we celebrate the release of season three of Futuro Studios’ hit-show La Brega, we take you back to where it all first started: Season 1, Epis...

Bad Bunny’s Super Bowl Inolvidable: Predictions, Politics, and NFL’s Motives

01 Feb 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The NFL’s all-American spectacle is back with its Super Bowl halftime musical extravaganza…and it’ll be mostly en ESPAÑOL! P...

Inside 'The Rip': Three Latinas Star in Netflix’s Newest Crime Thriller

30 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Netflix’s newest crime thriller, The Rip, brings together three Latina actresses: Catalina Sandino Moreno, Sasha Calle, and Lina Esco. The Colom...

One Year After the LA Fires: Recovery, Toxic Soil, and Scams

25 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

“Our government has failed us in many ways.”  A year has passed since the fires in Los Angeles devastated Altadena, CA. Who gets to r...

Podcast Special: “Enough is Enough”: The Fight Against ICE In Minnesota

21 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Minnesotans say ICE agents and other federal officers have been terrorizing residents as part of “Operation Metro Surge” for nearly a mont...

Being Bruja: How One Journalist Tapped Into Her Ancestral Power and Became a Witch

18 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

When Journalist Zayda Rivera decided to become a witch, people in her life thought it was a joke–many did not take her seriously. Still, Zayda w...

Mirta Ojito on Memory, Migration and the Stories the Ocean Keeps

16 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

“Suddenly, a memory assaulted me: For my own journey from Cuba four decades earlier, I had worn the red polyester bell-bottom pants my mother ha...

The World Through the Eyes of Comedian Julio Torres

11 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Born in El Salvador, Julio Torres has become a big name in comedy. From writing for SNL and having an HBO comedy special, to making and starring in hi...

The Fall of Maduro and the Rise of an “Unconstrained” Trump

09 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro marks yet another chapter in a long history of U.S. interventionism across Latin America. We...

Mary’s Journey: The Costs of Caring for a Loved One in Prison

04 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

One in four women in the United States has a family member in prison — and those carrying the resulting financial and emotional burden are dispr...

Unexplainable’s “Listen to the Universe” and the Discoveries of Wanda Diáz-Merced

02 Jan 2026

Contributed by Lukas

As you start the New Year, we wanted to bring you an episode from our friends at Vox’s podcast Unexplainable that we think you’ll like. It...

“My Divo”: The Long-Lost Prison File

28 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Earlier this week we brought you an episode from “My Divo” which we think you’ll enjoy as you slow down this holiday season. This is...

My Divo: A Podcast About Going Back to Your Roots, With the Life of Juan Gabriel as a Guide

26 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

As you enjoy time during this holiday slowdown, we want to share an episode of the “My Divo” podcast. In this episode we hear how for host...

Poet Ada Limón’s Instructions on Not Giving Up

21 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Ada Limón ended her tenure as U.S. Poet Laureate this year – the first Latina to do so. Her work has been described as both tender and re...

'You Gotta Be Right Down the Middle': NBC Anchor Tom Llamas Is Not Picking Sides

19 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Journalist Tom Llamas made history this year when he became the first Latino to anchor a major weekday evening news show in English. Every weekday, ar...

A Teen’s Detention Diary and the Man Who Helped Share It With the World

14 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

D. Esperanza is 14 years old. After traveling with his cousins from Honduras, he is held in the horrors of U.S. detention in Texas. For five months, w...

How a White House Lie About “Sex Changes” in Guatemala Helped Decimate USAID

12 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Earlier this year, the White House falsely claimed that millions of US taxpayers' dollars were funding “sex changes” in Guatemala — ...

How Becoming a US Citizen Just Got Harder Under the Trump Administration

07 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

This week, Latino USA shares an episode from our friends at LAist’s Imperfect Paradise about a new set of citizenship test guidelines. Recently,...

48 Hours at El Refugio: A Haven for Families of ICE Detainees

05 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In a rural town in south Georgia, sits “El Refugio,” a charming white home with green shutters. For 15 years, thousands have walked throug...

This Giving Tuesday, Futuro reflects back on 2025

02 Dec 2025

Contributed by Lukas

It’s been quite the year, for the United States and for Futuro Media. At Latino USA, we’re bringing you in-depth reporting from the front ...

Mezcal: From Farms to Bars and the Unseen Consequences of Its Popularity

30 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

For some years now, mezcal, Mexico’s other national spirit, has been in a cultural spotlight in and out of Mexico—especially here in the U...

Get to Know Adelita Grijalva: She Wants the Epstein Files Out and a Progressive Democratic Party In

28 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Adelita Grijalva, the first Latina –and first Chicana– to represent Arizona in Congress was sworn into office… finally. She was the...

Selena Documentary Reveals the Daughter, Sister and Wife Behind the Queen of Tex-Mex

23 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In this episode, Latino USA’s “Selena expert” Maria Garcia sits down with Selena Quintanilla’s sister, Suzette and filmmaker I...

Nathy Peluso: Rapper, Salsera, and The Art of Misbehaving

21 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Nathy Peluso is an Argentinean-born singer, rapper and poet and she’s looking to chart new territory on who gets to choose how women behave. She...

Actor Raúl Castillo Talks HBO’s Task, Staying Grounded in Hollywood, and His Respect for Matriarchs

16 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Actor Raúl Castillo joins us at the kitchen table. Literally. He goes to Latino USA host Maria Hinojosa’s home to share chips and homemad...

After Election Wins for Democrats, Are They Connecting More With Latinos?

14 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

It’s been a year since Donald Trump won the elections. And last week, voters elected candidates that are far from what Trump represents. Democra...

Monsters and Secrets: Oscar Isaac on Embodying the Most Telenovela Version of Frankenstein

09 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

There is a mysticism that covers Latin America. Stories of monsters, spirits, and tales of dark family secrets. Sure, it sounds like a telenovela, but...

Unlawfully Deported: Orgullosa's Story of Family Separation, ICE’s Harassment and Returning Home

07 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Orgullosa and her daughter, Estrella, began to rebuild their lives after they were separated in the U.S.-Mexico border under the first Trump administr...

Taken: The Agents Raiding Communities and the People Trying to Stop Them

02 Nov 2025

Contributed by Lukas

“The hunting of Latinos.” That’s how the mayor of Los Angeles described the last few months of increasingly violent immigration raid...

“Levantados”: Las redadas contra migrantes, el trauma y la comunidad que los defiende

31 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

This is a special version of our English episode dropping on Sunday, November 2nd. Este año, en Los Ángeles, comenzaron las redadas viol...

Torn Apart Under Trump Six Years Ago, a Guatemalan Father and Son Still Hope to Reunite

26 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Thousands of immigrant children were separated from their parents at the border during the first Trump administration. And while a court ruled the gov...

‘Neutrality Doesn't Work Nowadays’: Jorge and Paola Ramos on Journalism Under Trump

24 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Jorge Ramos and his daughter, Paola Ramos, didn’t spend much time together while she was growing up in Madrid and he was anchoring Univision&rsq...

Girlhood and Grit: A Stockton Teen Fights In and Out of the Ring

19 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

A collage of girlhood and grit. Born and raised in Stockton, California, 15-year-old Faith Gomez is starting to make a name for herself in the amateur...

Staying Silent Is Not an Option: Hollywood Star Judy Reyes Is Having a Moment

17 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Latina actress Judy Reyes has been gracing our screens for two decades with a wide range of roles. And today, as Lieutenant Selena Soto in “High...

Uruguayan Artist Jorge Drexler Talks Creative Process and Gets Personal

12 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Uruguayan singer-songwriter Jorge Drexler knows what it's like to live different lives within one. An ENT doctor until his early 30’s, he then d...

From the Brothels of Argentina to the World Stage: The Complicated History of Tango

10 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Tango usually evokes images of a very regal couple: a man in a suit and a woman in a tight red dress, embraced in sensual moves. But the reality of th...

Music Cures: The Healing Power of the Accordion After a Shooting

05 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

A farmworker opened fire at two farms in Half Moon Bay, California, in January 2023. He killed seven men, six co-workers and a supervisor, all immigra...

“The Nueva York Connection”: How New York City Became the Crossroad That Made Reggaeton Possible

03 Oct 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Reggaeton is full of myths and legends, but this story is true: El General arrived in Brooklyn in the mid-80s and began performing in the dancehall sc...

From Pregnancy to Murder Charge: Living Under a Total Abortion Ban

28 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

She was in labor, fainted, and woke up in handcuffs. In El Salvador, nearly 200 women have been incarcerated in the last 26 years after having obstetr...

The Spillover: How the Texas Abortion Ban Shook Up Eastern New Mexico

26 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

When Texas passed its six-week abortion ban in 2021 and Roe v. Wade was overturned, some local abortion clinics considered moving to the neighboring s...

Bad Bunny's Residency in Puerto Rico Proves He’s El Rey Del Pop (Con Reguetón y Dembow)

21 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Bad Bunny’s residency in Puerto Rico reveals grown-up Benito, an evolved artist whose love for his homeland shines through in everything he does...

How Reggaeton Got LOUD, As Told By Ivy Queen

19 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

This is the tale of the young people from Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico and beyond who beat the odds, refused to be quiet and created an irresistible m...

A Summer Break That Wasn't: American Kids Living in Fear of ICE

14 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

There are more than 4 million American kids with at least one undocumented parent, and their summer break this year was unlike any other. They told us...

“Silence Won’t Protect Us. Community Will”: Cristina Jiménez on Latino Activism in a Time of Fear

12 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Activist and organizer Cristina Jiménez, co-founder of United We Dream, joins Maria Hinojosa on Latino USA. Listen in on the conversation, as C...

Camino a Colombia: A Colombian-American Returns to the Motherland, Reflecting on Latina Identity, Immigration, and the Meaning of Home

07 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In this intimate reflection, Colombian-American producer Tasha Sandoval takes listeners with her as she returns to her native Colombia, after a lifeti...

9/11: The Day That Forever Changed U.S. Immigration Policy

05 Sep 2025

Contributed by Lukas

The 9/11 terrorist attacks left nearly 3,000 people dead and it traumatized the nation. It also reshaped U.S. immigration policy forever. Today, as th...

Is The Addams Family Latino?: Luis Guzmán On Manhood, Politics, And Embracing Weirdness

31 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Is the Addams family Latino? Maria Hinojosa embarks on a quest to unravel this mystery. She interviews actor Luis Guzmán, who plays Gomez Addam...

Chisme: Intergenerational Bonding Over Gossip

29 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Chisme is the Spanish word for gossip. It happens when you speak about someone in their absence, sharing information that’s supposed to be priva...

Remembering Legendary Latino Jazz Icon Eddie Palmieri

24 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Eddie Palmieri’s genius couldn’t be categorized. His music was a mix of salsa, rumba, guaguanco, and jazz, and made anyone who listened to...

Latinas and The Ancient Power of Intuition

22 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Light your candles and schedule your limpia because today's episode is all about the power of intuition. First, we talk to scientist Galang Lufityanto...

Latinas Take Over 'Love Island USA': Bringing 'Real' to Reality TV

17 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Latinas took over the latest season of "Love Island USA" and one won the hearts of millions: “Amaya Papaya.” The massively popular show ha...

The Rise and Fall of ‘Real Women Have Curves’ on Broadway

15 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

The musical adaptation of "Real Women Have Curves" was praised by the Tony Awards and across the country for its timeliness as it leaned heavily on on...

The Comedic Absurdity of Our Immigration System: A Chat With 'America Let Me In' Author

10 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

After experiencing the complexity of migrating to the U.S. “the right way,” comedian Felipe Torres Medina set out to write a book that was...

Girls Wanna Play: How a Latino Soccer Club in LA Fights Despite Recent Threats

08 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Professional men’s soccer or “futbol” has always had great Latino players, but only 7% of female professional soccer players are Lat...

Trump Supports This Climate Solution: Is That A Bad Thing?

03 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

As the planet hits record-breaking carbon emissions, the race is on to slash CO2 levels. A controversial technology —called carbon capture and s...

FCC Commissioner Gomez Sounds the Alarm on the White House Trying to 'Control Everything'

01 Aug 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In a chilling interview, FCC Commissioner Anna Gomez is sounding the alarm about government censorship, the Trump administration’s attacks on th...

Lost in Queer Translation: From Gay Slurs to Colombian Slang

27 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

When Andrés tried translating Colombian slang to his American boyfriend, he stumbled into a deeper question: what do these words really mean?&n...

An ICE Raid at a Carwash and a New Tool Mapping the Terror in California

25 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Candido was working at a car wash when ICE agents pulled up in white vans, blocked all the entrances, and took him and his coworkers. The agents colle...

What Our Favorite Telenovela Villain Reveals About Human Evolution

20 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In this episode, our Executive Editor Maria Garcia reflects on the legacy of Soraya Montenegro, her favorite telenovela villain of all time. Maria exp...

‘We Win to Live and Fight Another Day’: ACLU Executive Director on Trump's Attacks on Civil Rights

18 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

The Trump administration is facing more than 300 legal challenges, many of which are being litigated by the American Civil Liberties Union led by Anth...

As part of My Cultura Podcast Network: Latino USA

15 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Latino USA returns in partnership with iHeart's My Cultura Podcast Network.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Are Latino Pollsters Helping or Hurting the Democratic Cause?

13 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

As Democrats confront declining Latino support across three consecutive presidential elections, a fierce debate is unfolding within the party: Are Lat...

All They Will Call You Will Be Deportees

11 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In 1948, a plane crashed near Fresno. On that flight there were 28 Mexican citizens who were being deported from the United States. Everyone on board ...

Trading in the American Dream for the Mexican Dream

06 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

For decades, there’s been a persistent story about Mexican immigrants crossing the border for a better life in the United States. But there’s a ne...

Puerto Rico's Buscabulla Gets Real About the Messiness of Long-Term Relationships

04 Jul 2025

Contributed by Lukas

What happens when your musical partner is also your life partner and you’re raising a child together? We hear the answer in Buscabulla’s new album...

Getting Lost in Latina Trad Wife TikTok

29 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

During a flurry of election-related anxiety, Imperfect Paradise host Antonia Cereijido re-downloaded TikTok and fell down a very specific rabbit hole:...

'The Padilla Incident' and Trump's Escalation Against Free Speech

25 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

California Senator Alex Padilla was forcibly removed from a press conference on June 12.We’ve seen the Trump administration go after activists, stud...

The Network: A Behind the Scenes Conversation

22 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

We go behind the scenes with The Network’s hosts Victoria Estrada and Marta Martinez. In conversation with Maria Hinojosa, they share anecdotes and ...

The Network: Déjà vu

20 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

This week, we’re presenting the third of “The Network,” a new series that Latino USA co-produced with NPR’s Embedded podcast. The network and...

The Network: Breaking Bread

15 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

Today, we're presenting episode 2 of “The Network,” a new series that Latino USA co-produced with NPR’s Embedded podcast. The network had devel...

The Network: Saint-o-tec

13 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

This week we’re presenting the first episode of “The Network,” a new series that Latino USA co-produced with NPR’s Embedded podcast. In the m...

'It's Our Right as Americans': LA Protests Against ICE

11 Jun 2025

Contributed by Lukas

In the news this week: On June 6, Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents began a series of raids in Los Angeles, and their actions were the boilin...