Learning by William
Activity Overview
Episode publication activity over the past year
Episodes
What is the James Webb Space Telescope? How Does it Compare to the Hubble Space Telescope?
25 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
The launch window is from 7:20 to 7:52 AM EST on December 25th, 2021! Tune in to see live broadcasts of the launch!!!!
The Right to Privacy and the Abortion Debate
18 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
We discuss the right to privacy and its basis (Louis Brandeis), the justification for the right, the constitutional basis for abortion in Roe v. Wade,...
COVID-19 New Variant: A Case for "Cautious Optimism" With the Omicron Strain
11 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
The Omicron variant has caused considerable panic recently. Having many more mutations, a greater ability to reinfect, and potentially far more transm...
What is Deep-Sky Astrophotography?
04 Dec 2021
Contributed by Lukas
My Profile on Astrobin: https://www.astrobin.com/users/WilliamGott/ Starburst Galaxy (Taken by the President of our Astronomical Society) - Astrobin h...
What is the History of Literature? - Part 3
27 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
For anyone who wants to hear only the information on the third part of the series on the history of literature, please skip to 5:45. The first 5:44 co...
What is the History of Literature? - Part 2
20 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GevT2W-HwTFphiWe_iitjmpteGMTcggQOhuep_Dhcjw/edit?usp=sharing
What is the History of Literature? - Part 1
13 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GevT2W-HwTFphiWe_iitjmpteGMTcggQOhuep_Dhcjw/edit?usp=sharing
What are the Foundational Concepts of Quantum Mechanics? - Part 2
06 Nov 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/149eB9PG1d3rLXETpWCBK_YBFQMMVNyXLWXR4h_jLW6U/edit?usp=sharing
What are the Foundational Concepts of Quantum Mechanics? - Part 1
30 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/149eB9PG1d3rLXETpWCBK_YBFQMMVNyXLWXR4h_jLW6U/edit?usp=sharing
What is the History of Modern Art? - Part 2
23 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Reference Doc (use to see paintings as I mention them): https://docs.google.com/document/d/188UiFP_rpZmKeU0Mq-D_OxroE-BB9KtSJPYZbCn0_iY/edit?usp=shari...
What is the History of Modern Art? - Part 1
16 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Reference Doc (use to see paintings as I mention them): https://docs.google.com/document/d/188UiFP_rpZmKeU0Mq-D_OxroE-BB9KtSJPYZbCn0_iY/edit?usp=shari...
What are the Different Types of Optical Telescopes?
09 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Telescope - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope Refracting (Refractor) Telescope - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R...
What is the History of European Art From the Medieval Era to the Neoclassical Era? - Part 2
02 Oct 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Reference Document: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_ukksVRRyYCZpgDqK2myH8ZnGWwgyNeFsWLPpI6Z8mM/edit?usp=sharing
What is the History of European Art From the Medieval Era to the Neoclassical Era? - Part 1
25 Sep 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Reference Document: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_ukksVRRyYCZpgDqK2myH8ZnGWwgyNeFsWLPpI6Z8mM/edit?usp=sharing
What is General Relativity?
18 Sep 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: General Relativity - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity Field Equations - Warwick Department of Physics http...
What is the History of Art From Prehistory to Antiquity? - Part 3
11 Sep 2021
Contributed by Lukas
As this episode is being published on 9/11, let's all take a moment to appreciate our dauntless first responders, many of whom lost their lives fighti...
What is the History of Art From Prehistory to Antiquity? - Part 2
04 Sep 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Long list of references that may be used while listening to the podcast: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_jfIyFZ0nEzQM8AgSKo4ph66bBt6LmSjoGp-6JTMr...
What is the History of Art From Prehistory to Antiquity? - Part 1
28 Aug 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Long list of references that may be used while listening to the podcast: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_jfIyFZ0nEzQM8AgSKo4ph66bBt6LmSjoGp-6JTMr...
What is Kinematics?
21 Aug 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Intro. To Kinematics - PhysicsHigh https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=198u1x8TBTo Kinematics in the Oxford Dictionary https://www.google.com/...
What is Special Relativity?
14 Aug 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Relativity (Einstein) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Special Relativity - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.o...
What is the International System of Units (SI System)?
07 Aug 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: International System of Units - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units Metric System - Wikipedia https://en...
What is Energy?
24 Jul 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Energy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy Law of Conservation of Energy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservati...
What are Newton’s Laws of Motion?
17 Jul 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Newton’s Laws of Motion - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion Inertia - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org...
What is Calculus? - Derivatives, Integrals, and Differential Equations
10 Jul 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Shareable link to the document (has all of the mathematical examples that will be discussed in both this episode and the following episode): https://d...
What is Calculus? - Basics, Functions, and Limits
03 Jul 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Note: in the episode, William said that e to the power of anything, excluding zero, equals zero. This is obviously not correct, for e^1 ≈ 2.718 Sha...
Welcome to Learning by William
30 Jun 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Welcome to Learning by William! I am your host, William Gottemoller, and I am happy to join you on your pursuit of knowledge!
What is Abstract Algebra? - Rings, Fields, Modules, Lattices, Vector Spaces, Algebras, and Galois Theory
26 Jun 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Galois Theory - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois_theory Commutative Ring - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutati...
What is Abstract Algebra? - Group Theory and the 196,883-Dimensional "Monster"
19 Jun 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Abstract Algebra - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_algebra “Group theory, abstraction, and the 196,883-dimensional mons...
What are Dark Matter and Dark Energy? Part 2
14 Jun 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References Isotropy of Dark Energy - StackExchange https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/196729/is-dark-energy-homogeneous-and-or-isotropic Quan...
What are Dark Matter and Dark Energy? Part 1
05 Jun 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References Cosmological Expansion - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe Dark Matter - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org...
What are the Laws of Conservation?
29 May 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Conservation Law - Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/conservation-law Conservation Law - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wi...
Why do Women do Remarkably Better Than Men in School? Why do Men do Remarkably Better Than Women in the Office?
22 May 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: “Why Girls Beat Boys at School and Lose to Them at the Office” - The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/opinion/sunday/...
What is Thermodynamics? What are the Laws of Thermodynamics?
15 May 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Thermodynamics - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics Laws of Thermodynamics - KhanAcademy https://www.khanacademy.org/s...
What is Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)?
08 May 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References: Quantum Chromodynamics - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics Strong CP (charge-parity) Problem - Wikipedia http...
What is the Hierarchy Problem in Particle Physics?
01 May 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Edit: in the episode, the Higgs field is referred to as having a “mass of 250 GeV.” This is NOT correct; 250 GeV refers specifically to the energy...
What is the Relativistic Doppler Effect? Why do Distant Galaxies Appear “Redshifted?”
24 Apr 2021
Contributed by Lukas
When gazing into the deep expanse of the universe and finding the distant quasars and galaxies, we notice a particular feature that is commonplace no ...
What is the Speed of Light? What can Travel at the Speed of Light?
17 Apr 2021
Contributed by Lukas
As we, being objects with mass, approach relativistic speeds, our masses continue to increase, and the energy required to propel us continues to incre...
How is a Proton Positive and a Neutron Neutral? What are Quarks?
10 Apr 2021
Contributed by Lukas
The atom is most definitely not the smallest particle and most definitely can be broken down into smaller pieces; even the protons and the neutrons th...
What Types of Extreme Stars are There in the Universe?
03 Apr 2021
Contributed by Lukas
References White Dwarf - COSMOS https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/W/White+Dwarf White Dwarf - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf E...
What Types of Life Cycle Stars are There?
27 Mar 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Chances are, you have seen the night sky before. Thou looketh to the Heavens: what does thou see? It is likely that one sees a few, or a few thousand,...
What is Supersymmetry? What is a Sfermion?
20 Mar 2021
Contributed by Lukas
As I was interested in the topic of supersymmetry, I decided to add it to the list of chapter nodes, this one being chapter 26. As I assume is known, ...
What is Hilbert Space in Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics?
13 Mar 2021
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode, we will be covering Hilbert Space and its importance in quantum mechanics. Please cut me some slack because this topic combines abstr...
What is a Human?
06 Mar 2021
Contributed by Lukas
From where did we originate? How did we develop highly organized societies and civilizations? From what species did we diverge? What made humans diffe...
What is a Black Hole?
27 Feb 2021
Contributed by Lukas
In April of 2019, scientists and radio astronomers around the world came together to share the world’s first image of a black hole. In a stunning po...
What is Quantum Entanglement? Spooky Action at a Distance Explained!
20 Feb 2021
Contributed by Lukas
After conducting numerous episodes of astrophysics and quantum mechanics, I feel that I am finally dipping my toes into the ocean of physics that exis...
What Types of Galaxies are There?
13 Feb 2021
Contributed by Lukas
For hundreds of thousands of years, humans have stared up at their night sky in spectacular wonder; lined with thousands of stars, some bright, some f...
Here is What Astronomers Have Discovered in the Month of January
06 Feb 2021
Contributed by Lukas
In the 21st century, scientists, notably physicists and astronomers, have made exceptional discoveries and exceptional advancements in the field of sc...
What is the Standard Model of Particle Physics?
30 Jan 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Last episode, we discussed the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics. The episode got quite deep and interesting, as we delved deeper into so...
What is the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics?
23 Jan 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Physics has always existed as the horrible and confusing class that high school teenagers have to fight to survive through. It has existed as a unanim...
Authoritarianism is Damaging to the Pursuit of Science and Knowledge- Here are a few Scientists who Stood Their Scientific Ground Against Authoritarianism
16 Jan 2021
Contributed by Lukas
The 20th century was plagued with conflict, disease, and terror, but at the same time, the 20th century flourished with growth. Whether it was the vas...
What is a Supernova? How did we get all the Heavier Elements, Like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Uranium, and Plutonium?
09 Jan 2021
Contributed by Lukas
Yes, ununbiquium does not exist. I made the element up as a satirical node towards the heaviest elements known as of yet- Ununilium, Unununium, Ununbi...
In the Middle Ages, Scientists Rebelled Against the Catholic Church to Advocate for their Discoveries- Here are a few Scientists whom the Catholic Church Prosecuted for Their Discoveries
02 Jan 2021
Contributed by Lukas
In the 10,000-12,000 years since humans invented agriculture and settled down, autocracy, theocracy, aristocracy, and fascism have dominated civilizat...
THREE New COVID-19 Variants, One of Them Officially Dubbed VUI-202012/01 or Lineage B.1.1.7, are Spreading Rampant in the United Kingdom- Here is What a New Strain Means for the Recovery and Vaccine
26 Dec 2020
Contributed by Lukas
For the last year we have dealt with an oppressive pandemic that has forever altered our way of life. Typical work settings have evolved from offices ...
On December 21st, the “Great Conjunction” of Jupiter and Saturn Will Occur. Here is What That Means:
19 Dec 2020
Contributed by Lukas
5 out of the 7 extraterrestrial planets in our solar system were discovered by the same man; his name was Galileo Galilei. In 1609, after hearing abou...
What Does Population Growth Look Like in Biology? What Are Carrying Capacities, Predation, R-Selections, K-Selections, Overshoots, and Die-Offs?
12 Dec 2020
Contributed by Lukas
The human population has increased dramatically in the last two centuries. Since the Industrial Revolution, 200 years ago, our population has increase...
Why Does it Seem Like we are Alone in the Universe? What is the Fermi Paradox and the Great Filter?
05 Dec 2020
Contributed by Lukas
The great astronomer Carl Sagan once spoke for wanderers across all borders, ethnicities, races, and religions, when he said. “We were wanderers fro...
The Arecibo Radio Telescope, the Largest Operational Radio Telescope in the World, is Being Decommissioned
28 Nov 2020
Contributed by Lukas
In Arecibo, Puerto Rico lies a great radio telescope. For 53 years, the Arecibo observatory had been the largest radio telescope on the planet, and wa...
Why Does Mars Appear to Move Backward Over Some Nights? What is Retrograde Motion?
21 Nov 2020
Contributed by Lukas
When the great Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy gazed at the heavens, he felt the particular curiosity many of us have come to know. He was exception...
What Planets and Moons in our Solar System Have Liquid Water?
14 Nov 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Astronomy is a very humbling experience. Throughout the entire existence of humanity we have looked up at the night sky and the heavens with an everla...
Phosphine and Glycine, two Biomolecules, were Discovered in Venus's Atmosphere; here is what that means:
07 Nov 2020
Contributed by Lukas
For centuries, humans looked up at the brightest planet in our night sky and thought, “could someone be looking back at us?” Venus was always cons...
The Schrodinger's Cat Thought Experiment, the Many Worlds Interpretation, and Quantum Immortality
31 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
Has there ever been a math problem, or a confusing word in a book that has confused you? Have you ever become extremely frustrated by the fact that yo...
Our Future in the 21st Century
17 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
The future of humanity is far more uncertain than the future of earth. Earth, being an inanimate object, can be predicted quite easily by the laws of ...
The Theory of Evolution By Natural and Sexual Selection
10 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
For the third episode of Learning by William, we delve into theories comprising the biological law of evolution. The main theory is, of course, Darwin...
The Birth of Our Solar System and the Origin of Life
03 Oct 2020
Contributed by Lukas
This episode we will immerse ourselves in the science surrounding the origin of the solar system, the origin of Earth, and the origin of life. We will...
The Birth and Death of the Universe
27 Sep 2020
Contributed by Lukas
In the first episode of this science podcast, we will delve into the most-important question ever asked: how did it all begin? In this episode we will...