On The Continent - A European Football Podcast
Episodes
Ask OTC: Jobe Bellingham gets it wrong, Ethan Mbappé gets it right, and the new international break
10 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Jobe Bellingham followed his brother's path to Borussia Dortmund - seemingly the next step in the Bellingham ascent to greatness. But with limited min...
Off The Continent
09 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In a landmark ruling, UEFA have given the green light to domestic European games being played abroad. So who better to pick the bones out of what that...
Mourinho returns to Porto
06 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Over 20 years after his first European success, José Mourinho returned to Porto this weekend - but as manager of his boyhood club, Benfica. And you'l...
Ask OTC: San Siro’s demolition, Mönchengladbach’s demise, and a historic Swedish season
03 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
One of football’s most iconic stadiums, the San Siro, is set for demolition after the latest decision from Milan’s city council. It’s sure to di...
Putting the P in PSG
02 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A weakened PSG saw off Barcelona on Wednesday night. Is this the start of another season of European dominance for Les Parisiens? And are they finally...
Atlético stun Real in the Madrid derby!
29 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It had been a less than ideal start to the season for Atlético Madrid: two wins in six in the league and a gut-wrenching defeat at Anfield. But Satur...
Ask OTC: Harry Kane's Bavarian future, Vlahović’s resurgence and young Brits go abroad
26 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
A clause in Harry Kane's contract at Bayern Munich has reignited debate over his long-term future, with Thomas Frank declaring that the England captai...
Here to spoil your Ballon d’Or
25 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Ousmane Dembélé and PSG had their crowning moment at Monday’s Ballon d’Or. So, how did Marseille spoil the party? Miguel Delaney joins Dotun and...
PSV Eindhoven 2-2 Ajax: More questions than answers
22 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
There’s a crucial question for Andy and David Cartlidge to consider after Sunday's De Topper: who emerged happier from the bizarre 2-2 slugfest betw...
Barcelona underline their credentials and more midweek madness!
19 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
With an extra night of Champions League football to pick through, Andy and Lars Sivertsen check in for a bonus episode of your definitive guide to the...
The Champions League returns!
18 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
European football is back and didn't it return with some pizazz! So what did we make of the favourites for the competition, and who surprised us in th...
Juventus emerge victorious from the craziest Derby d’Italia imaginable!
15 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Andy and Lars Sivertsen dial in for another Monday special after one of the maddest games you’ll see this season, with Juventus’ last-gasp winner ...
Ask OTC: Tedesco in Turkey, international break surprises, and Depay's legendary status
12 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Domenico Tedesco has taken the helm at Fenerbahçe after José Mourinho's disastrous tenure, but does he have what it takes to turn the ship around?Do...
The tough Italian job
11 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Sometimes may be good, sometimes may be sh*t. Today, Nicky Bandini explains to Dotun and Andy why Gennaro Gattuso’s famous quote is very applicable ...
Ask OTC: Mourinho's misfortune, the French goal-fest, and Telstar embarrass PSV
05 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Wouldn't you know it! José Mourinho is once again out of a job after Fenerbahçe's Champions League exit. So what went wrong? Or rather what, if anyt...
Auf Wiedersehen, Erik
04 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Former Manchester United manager Erik ten Hag lasted just two Bundesliga games in charge of Bayer Leverkusen. So where did it all go wrong for the man...
A season-defining clash of the Olympiques
01 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It's always a feisty affair when Olympique Lyonnais lock horns with Olympique de Marseille. A red card and late drama made this Choc des Olympiques on...
Ask OTC: Lammens' Manchester risk, Scottish embarrassment, and De Zerbi's gift of the gab
29 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Another day, another goalkeeper that Manchester United want to sign. After David De Gea, it was André Onana, then Altay Bayındır but not for long i...
No parents allowed!
28 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After a melee at Marseille on the opening weekend of the season, we've followed it up with a disagreement at Dortmund! Mark Bellingham (father of Jobe...
Ask OTC: Ederson's employment, Brugge's Champions League potential, and this season's closest title race
22 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In a typical domino effect, Gianluigi Donnarumma's trouble at PSG has caught the eyes of Pep Guardiola and Manchester City. Consequently, Ederson is l...
A melee in Marseille
21 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Marseille are rarely a side that hides from the headlines, but did anybody really expect a bust up on match-day one? Well, perhaps we did. Jonny Rowe ...
Ask OTC: Malick Thiaw to Tyneside, Porto's Primeira prospects and the Scottish transfer appeal
15 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
As we stare down the barrel of a brand new season, Dotun, Andy and Lars are back to answer some of your continental queries! Newcastle are finally act...
Au revoir, Gigio!
14 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Put yourselves in the shoes of the best team in Europe last season. What would you do if you had Europe's best goalkeeper on the books? Throw him out ...
Georgia Assistant Coach David Webb on working with Khvicha Kvaratskhelia and his journey to Euro 2024
11 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Few English coaches have a more fascinating CV than today's guest: from the EFL, to remote corners of Sweden, to the Georgia national team, David Webb...
Ask OTC: Šeško's suitability, Bayern's injury issues, and Hot Striker Summer
08 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Benjamin Šeško has chosen Old Trafford over St. James' Park, but how will the Slovenian fit into the Premier League, if at all? An impressive 27-goa...
Show me the money!
07 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It's not like Real Madrid and Barcelona to be shy when it comes to spending a pound note, or a Euro across the continent, but after conducting some ea...
How Spain's politics shapes its football culture
04 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Spain is a deeply political country and its footballing culture has grown in tandem with the social evolution across the nation.Portuguese journalist ...
Ask OTC: The rise and fall of João Felix, Paris FC shake things up in France, and Bodø/Glimt's bubble
01 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
With João Felix leaving for Saudi Arabia, how has his career since leaving Benfica promised so much but delivered so little? Has it been a club issue...
Erik ten Hag's Déjà Vu
31 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Granit Xhaka was “too important to lose,” said Erik ten Hag. Just days later the Swiss midfielder has swapped the Rhine for the Wear and jumped sh...
Ask OTC: Barcelona's Rashford cost-cut, the Bundesliga's talent drain, and Real Madrid's Rodrygo dilemma
25 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Marcus Rashford is a Barça man! Dotun, Andy and Nicky discuss what it means for club and player. And how much are they saving for Rashford's (loan) m...
The big red Jürgen Klopp button
24 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Just one day into pre-season training for RB Leipzig, and who might rock up on the sidelines? One Jürgen Klopp of course. But what exactly will, shou...
Ask OTC: Granit Xhaka to Sunderland, under-the-radar managerial hires, and the depth of the Turkish Süper Lig
18 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After the media storm around Lamine Yamal and his 18th birthday party, Dotun, Andy and Lars reflect on Yamal's position as Messi’s heir and just how...
A dent in domination
17 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Well, nobody saw that coming! Paris Saint-Germain were stunned by Chelsea on the world stage, so can we still call them the best club side on the plan...
Ask OTC: A fitting finale, Porto’s route back to the top, and Serie A title favourites
11 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Wait, are Chelsea actually the appropriate modern winners of this gaudy, glitzy new tournament? Dotun, Andy and David consider the permutations of thi...
The Emperors’ New Groove
10 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It was billed as Kylian Mbappé vs PSG, but a mighty Parisian performance swept aside Real Madrid without any real trouble. Dotun, Andy and David Cart...
Ask OTC: Rodrygo’s future, Jarell Quansah’s Leverkusen move and what next for Jonathan David?
04 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Dotun, Andy and Nicky Bandini are here for another round of your continental queries as some of Europe’s brightest young talents take centre stage. ...
Pointing Fingers
03 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
All is not well at Inter. A dumping out of the Club World Cup at the hands of Fluminense, a public spat between two star players. and a clear hangover...
Ask OTC: Paul Pogba's comeback, Germany's 'tall Messi', and our favourite Lyon legends
27 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Could Andy Robertson be a game-changer for Atletico Madrid? Will Paul Pogba's homecoming to France be a much-needed salve to Ligue 1's wounds? Who is ...
Au revoir Olympique Lyonnais
26 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After 36 consecutive seasons in French football's top flight, Lyon have (provisionally) been relegated to Ligue 2. How on earth did such an illustriou...
OTC Club World Cup Special: How ready is the US for next year's World Cup? | Episode 3
26 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In just 350 days time, fans from 48 nations will descend on the US, Canada and Mexico - three uncomfortable neighbours - who are tasked with hosting o...
OTC Club World Cup Special: PSG living it large in Hollywood | Episode 2
23 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After finally winning the Champions League, PSG find themselves in somewhat unfamiliar territory: their team-first approach and aim to be increasing r...
OTC Club World Cup Special: How are clubs really approaching the tournament? | Episode 1
20 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
For good and for bad, the Club World Cup is going to leave a massive imprint on the game we love. So, to mark its arrival, across three special episod...
Ask OTC: Viktor Gyökeres’ stalling move, more baffling Barca decisions, and the legacy of the Club World Cup
20 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Why hasn’t Viktor Gyökeres joined Arsenal yet? Dotun, Andy and David Cartlidge try to work out what’s stalling one of the most high-profile trans...
America’s Got Talent!
19 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
South and Central American sides have caused quite the stir at the Club World Cup. Impressive results for Palmeiras, Boca Juniors, Fluminense and Mont...
Ask OTC: Genuine continental collapse, Inter's new boss and Jack Grealish's European holiday
13 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Dotun, Andy and Miguel Delaney convene on the eve of the Club World Cup to answer more of your continental queries. It’s a nice, easy softball to st...
The Clash of Continents
12 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The controversial Club World Cup is set to begin this weekend, but what can we expect to see on the field? With the South American fixture schedule mu...
Ask OTC: Why has Sarri returned to Lazio, will Jobe Bellingham excel at Dortmund, and Dotun's German team
06 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Maurizio Sarri left Lazio under a cloud last year – but he's back already. Why?! Dotun, Andy and Lars explain why Lazio and Claudio Lotito are welco...
The start of la dynastie?
05 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
And with that, the 2024/25 European club football season comes to a dramatic close. After a miraculous display from PSG in the final, could this be th...
Ask OTC: Safe pairs of coaching hands, Zidane’s French connection and Luka Modric to Rangers?!
30 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Dotun, Andy and Nicky prize open the postbag for more of your European football queries, as the likes of Ajax and Bayer Leverkusen look to their next ...
Musical Chairs
29 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The season may have ended in Italy but the managerial merry-go-round has only just begun! Possible movement at Napoli, Juventus, Inter and Milan has m...
Ask OTC: Can Will Still save Southampton, Jeremie Frimpong heads to Liverpool, and Ansu Fati's Barcelona escape plan
23 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After endless links with clubs in England, it looks like Will Still is heading to Southampton – although in difficult personal circumstances. What k...
It's Napoli's to lose
22 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Serie A is the league which just keeps on delivering. After both Napoli and Inter dropped points on the penultimate match-day, there's just one point ...
Ask OTC: Carlo Ancelotti’s move to Brazil, tensions at Sevilla & Sampdoria’s relegation
16 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Carlo Ancelotti has been appointed as Brazil head coach - is this a good move for all parties? And have Sevilla managed to calm tensions with their ul...
Another wasted hat-trick
15 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Oh Kylian Mbappé, we’ve seen this one before. Despite another fantastic hat-trick, it was Mbappé and Real Madrid who fell to a 4-3 defeat in El Cl...
Ask OTC: Simone Inzaghi’s Champions League charge, Leroy Sané’s Arsenal links & are Juventus convinced by Igor Tudor?
09 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After guiding Inter to two Champions League finals in three years, where does Simone Inzaghi rank amongst Europe’s best coaches? Elsewhere in Serie ...
Beautiful chaos
08 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Wow, wow, wow! Have we ever seen a better Champions League semi-final than Inter vs Barcelona?Andy tells Dotun and Nicky Bandini why he thinks it migh...
Ask OTC: Liam Rosenior’s Strasbourg are flying, Sevilla are close to sinking & how will Eric Dier fare at Monaco?
02 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Strasbourg are on an eleven-game unbeaten run - is Liam Rosenior one of Europe’s most exciting young coaches right now? And how have Montpellier gon...
Are you sure that's not Messi?
01 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
We were served up quite the treat last night, weren't we? Barcelona and Inter played out a stunning six-goal thriller at Montjuïc, but not even that ...
Ask OTC: Max Allegri’s next move, Marcus Rashford’s European suitors & Diogo Costa’s potential
25 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After a disappointing chapter at Juventus - and time away from the touchline - could Max Allegri be set for a return to Milan? And given recent discou...
Antonio Conte ‘does a Conte’
24 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Just when you thought it was Inter’s to lose, Antonio Conte’s Napoli have crept up on his former club once again. But of course, this is Antonio C...
Ask OTC: Bayern’s Champions League struggles, Kingsley Coman’s future, and Strasbourg’s Ligue 1 charge
18 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What’s the story behind Bayern’s continued struggle to reach their old heights in the Champions League? With growing links to Arsenal, would Kings...
Don't call it a comeback
17 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Dotun, Andy and Jonathan Johnson wrestle with the ever-changing Champions League landscape after an amazing set of quarter-final ties. Barcelona and P...
Ask OTC: Atalanta’s vanishing title dreams, Müller’s Bayern exit and Nkunku’s future
11 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Why have Atalanta fallen off the pace in Serie A? Why have Bayern Munich released Thomas Müller? Have Athletic Club reached their ceiling with their ...
Out with the old, in with the new
10 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Sometimes a fresh coat of paint just won’t cut it. PSG and Barcelona have gone for a full renovation! PSG have ditched the superstar era and doubled...
Ask OTC: Solskjaer's Besiktas stun Galatasaray, Arminia Bielefeld's dream run, and Jan de Boer's eggs
04 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After a chaotic couple of days in Turkey that saw José Mourinho turned into a South Park character, was Ole Gunnar Solskjaer the real winner? And how...
The future is the past
03 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Milan, Juventus, Napoli... despite their ongoing attempts at winning the treble, Inter seem incapable of beating good opposition. Today, Dotun, Andy a...
Ask OTC: Igor Tudor takes the reins at Juventus, Sweden embarrassed by Luxembourg, and is Niko Kovač the right man for Dortmund?
28 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Thiago Motta has been given the boot by Juventus, but is Igor Tudor the coach to get them back to winning titles? Jon Dahl Tomasson's Sweden lost to L...
The captain is back
27 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Kylian Mbappé has returned to captain France, but how has the team changed during his time away? Today, Dotun and Andy are joined by Ryan Hunn to dis...
Ask OTC: The Serie A title race, Martín Zubimendi and can Norway qualify for the World Cup?
21 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After Inter beat Atalanta 2-0 last weekend, are Atalanta out of the title race? Or do they still have a chance of winning the Scudetto?Plus,...
Ranieri's Roma couldn't... could they?
20 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Roma's season couldn't have got off to a worse start if they tried. But if in doubt, bring in a Roman to sort things out. Enter Claudio Ranieri.Miguel...
Ask OTC: Lamine Yamal stuns, Raphinha's tipped for the Ballon d'Or, and could Mainz reach the Champions League?
14 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It's hard to believe that Lamine Yamal is still just 17-years-old. After his exceptional display against Benfica, can we call him the greatest La Masi...
Who are the favourites to win Champions League?
13 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
It’s that time of the year again! Today, we look at the Champions League's runners and riders and try to work out who will win Europe’s premier cl...
Ask OTC: Paulo Fonseca's nine-month ban, Robin van Persie's start at Feyenoord, and what's gone wrong at PSV?
07 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Actions have consequences—just ask Paulo Fonseca. After squaring up to a referee, the Lyon boss has been hit with a staggering nine-month ban. So, w...
Different story, same outcome for PSG
06 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
We have a first on today’s OTC… Lars Sivertsen doesn’t have anything bad to say about PSG! Today, he joins Dotun and Andy to assess what we shou...
Ask OTC: Bayern shine without Kane, Marseille's president cries corruption, and how much longer can Luka Modrić keep going?
28 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
With Harry Kane sidelined, Bayern Munich thrashed Eintracht Frankfurt 4-0—could they actually be better off without him? Meanwhile, Marseille presid...
Midweek Montjuïc madness
27 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Barcelona and Atlético Madrid have once again proved they are the most exciting teams to watch in Spain. But will that be enough to bring them succes...
Ask OTC: Lookman falls out with Gasperini, PSV stun Juventus, and is Iraola ready for Real Madrid?
21 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After Atalanta's humiliating Champions League exit to Club Brugge, Gian Piero Gasperini aimed some scathing comments at Ademola Lookman. Could the rei...
Kylian Mbappé's Bernabéu buffet
20 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
We saw the proper Kylian Mbappé return last night. But have Real Madrid started their inevitable march to a 16th Champions League?David Cartlidg...
OTC Special: Inside Bayer Leverkusen, a club building a sustainable future
19 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
How do you follow on from the greatest season in your club's history? Eight months after their historic double-winning campaign, Bayer Leverkusen welc...
Ask OTC: Real Madrid’s impressive attack, chaos in Türkiye, and the Berlusconis re-appoint Alessandro Nesta
14 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After goals from Kylian Mbappé, Brahim Díaz, and Jude Bellingham saw Real Madrid snatch victory from the jaws of defeat against Manchester City, we ...
PSG’s new headliner
13 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
15 goals in 8 games, Ousmane Dembélé is on the kind of hot streak that prime Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo would be pr...
Ask OTC: Nico González joins Man City, Juventus bring in Lloyd Kelly, and referee drama ahead of the Madrid Derby
07 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Manchester City spent big this January, but is their deadline day signing Nico González the best of their business? Elsewhere in the window, Juventus...
The Premier League invasion
06 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
AC Milan saw off Roma last night with a little help from their Premier League imports, new and old. However, Nicky Bandini explains to Dotun and Andy ...
Ask OTC: Thiago Motta under pressure, Niko Kovač joins Borussia Dortmund, and the futures of Kyle Walker & Antony
31 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Juventus' underwhelming unbeaten run in the league is over, and after defeat to Benfica in the Champions League, is Thiago Motta under pressure? Niko ...
Champions League Purgatory
30 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The first ever extended Champions League group stage has finished, but did it provide enough fear, dread and anxiety? Dotun, Andy and Lars Sivertsen a...
Ask OTC: Man City sign Abdukodir Khusanov, a Champions League all-timer, and Wilfried Zaha leaves Europe
24 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Manchester City may be struggling on the pitch, but in the transfer window they're flying. What can City fans expect from their new defender Abdukodir...
Have PSG turned a corner?
23 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
PSG vs Man City, who would have predicted that these two clubs would face off in a fight for survival in this season’s Champions League? Today, Dotu...
Ask OTC: Omar Marmoush to Man City, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia to PSG, and what has happened to Naby Keïta?
17 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The January Transfer Window's gears are now firmly in motion with clubs starting to make progress on assembling their squads for the rest of the seaso...
Can Barcelona hop back to the top of La Liga?
16 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Andy thinks that Barcelona have, at times, played the best football in Spain this season. So how are they six points off the top of the table? David C...
Ask OTC: The transfer window opens, Enzo Le Fée trades Rome for Sunderland, and what next for Julen Lopetegui?
10 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
The January transfer window has swung open so which players on the continent desperately need a move? Enzo Le Fée has swapped sunny Rome for... less ...
Are Milan relevant again?
09 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After only two games as Milan manager Sérgio Conceição has won his first trophy. But is it too early to get excited or can Milan still make an impa...
Ask OTC: Predicting our breakout stars of 2025, Victor Osimhen’s future, and is La Liga back?
03 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Which European club needs the biggest January trolley dash? Who will be the breakout star of 2025? And is La Liga set to become the dominant league in...
What to expect from football in 2025
02 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
With Gianni Infantino's revised FIFA Club World Cup set to begin this year, are we going to see a fundamental change in how clubs approach a football ...
Our highlights of 2024
27 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
It’s been another incredible year of football across Europe: Bayern’s reign of terror was finally ended, Jude Bellingham helped Real Madrid achiev...
OTC x The Sweeper: Stories you might have missed in 2024
26 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
There is always so much happening in European football and we’re never able to cover everything we would like to. Luckily, we’re joined by Lee Win...
Ask OTC: Marcus Rashford eyes a move, Vieira brings stability to Genoa, and will Como sign Dele Alli?
20 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Marcus Rashford has said it's time for a new challenge, so which European clubs should be eyeing him up? Patrick Vieira has coached Genoa to three con...
The real Inter have now stood up
19 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Lazio 0 Inter 6. Is this the result which is going to fire Inter Milan to back-to-back Serie A titles? Dotun, Andy and David Cartlidge think it might ...
Ask OTC: Bellingham's back, boring Juventus, and Thomas Müller's future
13 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
After a tricky start to the season, is Jude Bellingham back to his best? And after impressing earlier in the campaign, have Juventus become the most b...
New format, unexpected consequences
12 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
We’re six games into the new-look Champions League. How come some of the “minnows” are flying and some of the big clubs aren’t having it all t...
OTC Special: Meet FC St. Pauli, the club changing football
09 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
Welcome to Millerntor, the home of FC St. Pauli. Millerntor isn’t just St. Pauli’s stadium, but it is their prize asset in terms of building a sus...