Rates & Barrels: A show about Baseball
Episodes
2025 Takeaways, Weekend Waiver Targets & Pricey Stars in Keeper Leagues
18 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR is joined by Clay Link, RotoWire's Senior MLB Editor to discuss takeaways from the season so far and a few potential weekend waiver-wire targets. ...
Second Half Preview w/Stephen Nesbitt
17 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR is joined by Stephen Nesbitt to discuss All-Star Week festivities -- including Cal Raleigh's Home Run Derby win, a swing-off that delivered on a b...
2025 MLB Draft Talk w/Keith Law
16 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR is joined by Keith Law to discuss a few takeaways from the 2025 MLB Draft including Eli Willits as the Nationals' choice with the first overall pi...
All-Star Break Weekend Waiver Preview & Seattle’s ‘Sumo Dog’
11 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR is joined by Ryan Bloomfield of Baseball HQ to discuss First Pitch Arizona 2025 (Nov. 6th-9th), long-term targets to stash, and a few players to c...
Using Swing Data Against Hitters & Finding Future Closers
10 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR and Trevor discuss the return of Tyler Glasnow and the debut of Cam Schlittler before Trevor breaks down how pitchers could utilize the swing data...
Future Outlooks for Five Underperforming Hitters
09 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR and Jed discuss Patrick Bailey's improbable inside-the-park walk-off homer against the Phillies, and Manny Machado's path to 3,000 hits after he r...
First-Time All-Stars & An MLBPA Investigation
08 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
DVR and Britt discuss several first-time All-Stars including four starters in the 2025 Midsummer Classic, superstars on that stage for the first time ...
Brandon Woodruff's Impressive Return & Big Changes in Washington
07 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the return of Brandon Woodruff, Corbin Carroll's surprisingly quick activation from the IL, likely Tommy John surgery for Clarke S...
3,000 Strikeouts for Kershaw & Fourth of July Weekend Waiver Preview
03 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the 3,000-strikeout milestone for Clayton Kershaw, injuries to Max Muncy and Spencer Schwellenbach, a demotion for Josh Jung, and ...
Assessing the AL Division Leaders & Offense Holding Steady Despite Increased Drag
02 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Jed, and DVR discuss the three division leaders in the American League, examining the strengths and weaknesses of the Astros, Tigers, and Yankees...
Assessing the NL Division Leaders & Checking In on the Nationals' Rebuild
01 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the three division leaders in the National League, examining the strengths and weaknesses of the Phillies, Cubs, and Dodgers with ...
A One-Year Snapshot of Surprising Hitters (Good and Bad)
30 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss an IL stint for Jeremy Peña, a health issue that has forced Ron Washington to step away from managing the Angels for the duration...
Globe Life Field Has Changed, Weekend Waiver Preview & Wild Hot Dogs in Cleveland
27 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss good news for Zach Neto, whose return from shoulder surgery has gone well in the first half of the season, another injury in the M...
Paul Skenes vs. Jacob Misiorowski and Paths to Becoming an Ace
26 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss a highly-anticipated matchup between Paul Skenes and Brewers rookie Jacob Misiorowski, and the different approaches the t...
Chase Burns' Impressive Debut & AL Playoff Picture Check-In
25 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Jed, and DVR discuss Chase Burns' impressive big-league debut against the Yankees, an ugly fan incident in Chicago against D-backs second baseman...
More Bad Luck for the D-backs, Underperforming Indicators & Firing Up the Trade Master 3000
24 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Corbin Carroll to the IL as another injury hampers the D-backs, one benefit of choosing to trade away players ahead of the Trade D...
Chase Burns Is Headed to Cincinnati & Injuries Are Piling Up
23 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a busy weekend around the league including the announcement that Chase Burns will make his Reds debut Tuesday night against the Ya...
Kristian Campbell's Demotion & Weekend Waiver Preview
20 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the Red Sox's decision to demote Kristian Campbell to Triple-A, a benches-clearing sequence between the Padres and Dodgers on Thur...
Cal Raleigh's MVP Case & The Importance of Good Communication
18 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss Cal Raleigh's place atop the home-run leaderboard and what it might take for him to main a pace necessary to take AL MVP ...
Ohtani's Return to Pitching & Pitchers We've Overlooked In 2025
17 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Shohei Ohtani's first outing back in the big leagues after having Tommy John surgery in September of 2023, and the return of Logan...
Rafael Devers to the Giants in a Blockbuster & Shohei Ohtani Is Ready to Pitch Again
16 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Andrew Baggarly joins Eno and DVR to discuss the blockbuster trade that sent Rafael Devers to the Giants in a stunning five-player swap Sunday, the Gi...
Checking In on the Baseball & Weekend Waiver Preview
13 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the increased drag on the baseball in 2025 and consider the related impact on xStats. Plus, Aaron Civale gets his wish, Jacob Misi...
Hitters We've Overlooked In 2025
13 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss another round of news including Trevor May's induction in the Reading Baseball Hall of Fame, Tommy John surgery for Jackson Jobe, ...
What Information Do Hitters Want About Opposing Pitchers?
11 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Jed, and DVR discuss a few injury-related news items including updates on Aaron Nola, Matt Chapman, Bryce Miller and Justin Martinez, plus a few ...
Roman Anthony Gets the Call & NL Playoff Picture Check-In
10 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the Red Sox's promotion of Roman Anthony and the future logjam in the outfield once Wilyer Abreu eventually returns from the IL. P...
Replacing Aces with Future Callups?
09 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the confirmation that Corbin Burnes needs Tommy John surgery, the impact his absence will have on the D-backs' rotation, the best ...
Weekend Roster Decisions & Waiver Wire Considerations
06 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the recent struggles of Royce Lewis, Jorge Polanco's cool down in May following a torrid start to the season, comps for Parker Mea...
Fearing the Fade: Starting Pitcher Regression Candidates
05 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss a lengthy absence of Pablo López following a Grade 2 teres major strain, and wonder if Chase Burns' arrival in Cincinnat...
Jac Caglianone Debuts & Park Factors v. Park Effects
04 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Jed and DVR discuss the highly-anticipated debut of Jac Caglianone on Tuesday night, and take a quick stroll down memory lane to remember Jed's d...
Tons of weekend news & Where the Money Went with Eric Samulski
03 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno is joined by Eric Samulski of Rotoworld to talk about a busyyyy weekend of news. A lot of call-ups, injuries and moves this weekend. Also, they ta...
Prospect Watch with Geoff Pontes & Weekend Waivers
30 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno is joined by Geoff Pontes of Baseball America to talk about some of the upcoming prospects to look for soon in the big leagues and some names that...
Reliever Bonanza!!
29 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno & Trevor go on a reliever bonanza and talk everything reliever from the past 4 seasons to the future. They breakdown the best relievers of the...
Young hitters and their swing paths
28 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and Jed discuss the big baseball news of the day and they do a big breakdown of some young hitters and their swing pathsRundownRonel Blanco to hav...
Statcast Surprises & Grouping Hitters by Swing Traits w/Joshua Rodrigues
27 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a few injuries from the long weekend including the potential for an extended absence for Alex Bregman, an opportunity for Marcelo ...
Ronald Acuña Jr. and George Kirby are Back!
23 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss George Kirby's first start back from the IL, Ronald Acuña Jr.'s outlook as he returns from a second ACL tear this weekend, a case...
Digging Into New Swing Path & Attack Angle Leaderboards
21 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed discuss the new tools and leaderboards at Baseball Savant offering more public-facing data than ever for bat paths and attack angles...
A Weekend Filled with All Things Baseball
19 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a busy weekend of baseball news including the Orioles' dismissal of manager Brandon Hyde, an 80-game suspension for José Alvarado...
Rivalry Weekend Waiver Wire Preview
16 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss several news and notes around Major League Baseball including another unfortunate injury for Byron Buxton and Carlos Correa, and p...
When Do You Worry About Secondary Pitches?
15 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss a few of the 16 'other' baseball figures reinstated by MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred this week including Shoeless Joe Jack...
Rob Manfred Reinstates Pete Rose & Astros Talk w/Chandler Rome
14 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Rob Manfred's decision to reinstate Pete Rose, along with 16 others from Major League Baseball's "Permanently Ineligible List" (mo...
Takeaways From the First Quarter of the 2025 MLB Season w/Joe Sheehan
13 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Joe Sheehan joins Eno and DVR to discuss dropping the skepticism around the Tigers as AL Central frontrunners, where credit (and blame) belong with th...
In-Season Projections: Risers & Fallers
12 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the D-backs' decision to recall Jordan Lawlar, Zach Eflin's importance for the Orioles' injury-plagued rotation, and the Rockies' ...
Devers Rejects First Base & Weekend Waiver Preview
09 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Rafael Devers' rejection of a move to first base and answer a few mailbag questions -- including an intriguing reason the Dodgers'...
How Could Roki Sasaki Adjust in Year 1?
08 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss the Pirates' decision to fire manager Derek Shelton after a 12-26 start and wonder how making a change in that role will ...
Bad Days, Managing Lofty Expectations & Seattle's Surging Bats
07 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed discuss a brutal day at the office for Ryan Pressly and Chase Meidroth, before looking at the Orioles' sluggish start to 2025 and th...
Goodbye to LOL Mets?
06 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Will Sammon joins Eno and DVR to discuss the Mets' increasing distance from 'LOL Mets' thanks to their continued growth in pitching development throug...
Using BABIP as an Entry Point for Buy-Low Targets
05 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the likely season-ending injury for Triston Casas among several other absences that popped up over the weekend including Yordan Al...
Pressing Reset in Early May
02 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the surprising early May demotion to Triple-A for Jake Burger, and look at some of the biggest movers on the O-Swing% leaderboard ...
The Strike Zone is Shrinking
02 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss the strike zone, which is shrinking in 2025. They dig into why that changes have taken place and consider a few implicati...
Building a Breakout, Hitter Edition
30 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed discuss a story from David Adler of MLB.com about Aaron Judge's batting stance adjustments throughout an elite calendar year at th...
Dynasty Hitter Stock Watch
29 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Chris Welsh joins and Eno and DVR to discuss several long-term risers and fallers as the first month of the season winds down. Is an uptick in product...
Injury Chaos Continues & A Big Weekend of Spending
28 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the early exit for Tyler Glasnow on Sunday due to a shoulder issue and a new favorite emerging from the Dodgers' pitching depth as...
Updated Pitcher Rankings, Waiver Wire Moves & Hot Dog Reviews
25 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Paul Sporer & Niv Shah talk about the latest injury news around the league. They also break down some of the hot pickups/drops, Eno's new upd...
Building a Breakout, Pitcher Edition
24 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss the Orioles' slow start and mounting pitching injuries and wonder -- is this a 2025 playoff team? Plus, they dig into fou...
Is Julio Rodríguez an Adjustment Away?
23 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed discuss news and notes from around the league including injuries for Emmanuel Clase and Cristopher Sánchez and MLB's biggest three-...
How the Reds' Pitching is Clicking w/C. Trent Rosecrans
22 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
C. Trent Rosecrans joins Eno and DVR to discuss the Reds -- including Andrew Abbott's fast start and track record of posting ERAs below his projection...
How Quickly Will Chandler Simpson's Game-Changing Speed Make an Impact?
21 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the promotion of Chandler Simpson by the Rays and attempt to determine how his short-term outlook for playing time and long-term c...
Opportunity Knocks, Even in April
18 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the setback for Grayson Rodriguez and the fallout for the Orioles' rotation, the promotion of Luke Keaschall as the Twins deal wit...
Is Hitting Catching Up to Pitching?
17 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss the return of Spencer Strider before digging into Eno's recent story with Britt Ghiroli and Jen McCaffrey examining the p...
Balancing Present Needs with Major League Development
16 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed discuss baseball's annual celebration of Jackie Robinson Day, before examining the Cubs' decision to demote Matt Shaw at Triple-A, t...
New Pitches & Triple-A Standouts with Lance Brozdowski
15 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Lance Brozdowski joins Eno and DVR to discuss new pitches that should make a big long-term difference including changes to Max Fried's sinker and a la...
Why the Cubs Should Go All-In
14 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a big weekend for the Cubs, who took two of three from the Dodgers in Los Angeles including a blowout on Saturday night, but revea...
Fastball Love Continues in Milwaukee
11 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the Twins' contemplation of a six-man rotation to potentially incorporate David Festa and Zebby Matthews into their starting mix, ...
Why Is Arm Angle So Important to Pitcher Health?
10 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss the surging Kyren Paris and strange feats, in the face of Jesse Chavez signing with Atlanta for the *sixth* time in his c...
Do Hitters Set Up Pitchers With Swing Decisions?
09 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, DVR, and Jed take a spin around the league as April injuries pile up, and take a deep dive into a matchup between José Ramírez and José Sorian...
A Very Busy Red Sox Spring w/Jen McCaffrey & Hunter Greene's Ace Case
08 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Jen McCaffrey joins Eno and DVR to discuss a two-month stretch for the Red Sox that has been packed with a year's worth of storylines including the of...
Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Gets a 14-Year, $500M Deal with the Blue Jays
07 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the massive deal for Vladimir Guerrero Jr. and the Blue Jays -- 14 years, $500 million -- as extension season rolls further into A...
Freddie Freeman to the IL & Our April Breakout Pitchers Draft
04 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a mishap that landed Freddie Freeman on the IL, a closer change in Pittsburgh with the demotion of David Bednar, a few heavily add...
Red Sox Extensions, The Year of the Kick-Change & Adjusting to Volpe
03 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss another round of extensions as the Red Sox continue to secure long-term parts of their core with Garrett Crochet and Kris...
Jackson Merrill's Extension, Rafael Devers' Slow Start & The Importance of Contact Point
02 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Jed Lowrie makes his Rates & Barrels debut to join Eno and DVR and to discuss Jackson Merrill's nine-year extension with the Padres, Jed's trip to...
Keenan Long of LongBall Labs talks Torpedo Bats & Much More
01 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno is joined by Keenan Long of LongBall Labs to talk everything bats. He talks about the process of finding the right bat for a player, the different...
Torpedo Bats, A Yankees Home-Run Parade & First Weekend Takeaways
31 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a weekend filled with homers in the Bronx, 'Torpedo' bats, Mookie Betts' two-homer game and other takeaways from the first weekend...
Ben Clemens of FanGraphs Joins us Live from Barebottle Brewing
29 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR are live for Day 2 from Barebottle Brewing in San Francisco. Ben Clemens of FanGraphs joins them for this show. They break down s...
Opening Day Thoughts & Predictions Live From Barebottle Brewing
28 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR are live from Barebottle Brewing in San Francisco on Opening Day of baseball in the US. They break down some of the big games fro...
Jackson Holliday Joins The Show & Breakout 2nd Year Bats
26 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR are joined by Orioles star Jackson Holliday to talk about his love for donuts, struggling in his rookie season, the big difference between...
Bold Predictions & The Outlook for a Twins Sale
25 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Britt Ghiroli returns to the show with Eno and DVR to discuss the potential obstacles for a sale of the Minnesota Twins as the most recent franchise t...
March Extensions & Job Battle Winners
24 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a trio of March contract extensions including Tanner Bibee, Alejandro Kirk, and Justin Martinez -- all of whom received new five-y...
Draft Weekend Cram Session
21 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR get ready for a busy weekend of drafts with a quick spin through spring news and notes, before discussing ideal roster builds, when to tar...
Pitching Archetypes & Top Bullpen Rankings
20 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss an interesting lawsuit around analytics a potentially lost competitive advantage, the benefits of building a 'brain' -- i...
Roki Sasaki's Debut & Our Most Rostered Players
19 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Roki Sasaki's big-league debut in Game 2 of the Dodgers-Cubs series in Tokyo, the now-restored DoD page about the life of Jackie R...
Baseball is Back! (And Spencer Strider is Too)
18 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss the Dodgers' season-opening win over the Cubs in Tokyo, which featured five strong frames from Yoshinobu Yamamoto and an excellen...
2025 Prospect Sleepers w/James Anderson
17 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
James Anderson of RotoWire joins DVR to discuss a few news items from the weekend including Mookie Betts' absence from the Japan Series and the playin...
Deep League Pitching Sleepers, Future Closer Watch & Eno at Brewers Camp
14 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a few spring news items including a shoulder injection for George Kirby, before looking at a few deep league pitching sleepers and...
Ranking the Top Rotations in Baseball
13 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss spring news including an opportunity for Brett Baty at second base (!?) before sharing their top-10 rotations for the upc...
Can Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Find a $500 Million Payday?
12 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Jacob deGrom's bid to work with slightly less velocity in an effort to stay healthy in 2025, two pitching injuries that popped up ...
Bat Speed Risers & Eno in Surprise
11 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR share a follow-up confirming that Gerrit Cole will undergo Tommy John surgery and discuss Francisco Alvarez's hamate injury, another delay...
Spring Injuries Are Piling Up, But Spring Eno is Back!
11 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a weekend packed with spring injury news including Gerrit Cole facing a potential Tommy John surgery, George Kirby's delayed start...
Building Blocks & Backup Plans
07 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss Lawrence Butler's seven-year extension with the A's, and a few potential comps for him as he approaches his peak. Plus, they share...
Rethinking Reliever Evaluations & Measuring Bullpen Quality
06 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss spring injury updates and a new potential closer entering the mix in Texas, before digging into how the conversation and ...
Spring Job Battles of Interest, Part 2
05 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss several spring battles for rotation spots, including the potential for a 'secret' six-man rotation in Tampa Bay, Casey Mize's bid ...
Spring Job Battles of Interest, Part 1
04 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR take a look at several spring job battles of interest, focusing on position players including the opportunity for Brooks Lee to become a f...
The March Toward Opening Day
03 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR share a few show-related updates -- two live episodes on Mar. 27-28 at Barebottle Brewing Co. in San Francisco! -- and ask for feedback on...
February Risers & Fallers w/Vlad Sedler of FTN
28 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Vlad Sedler (@rotogut) joins DVR to discuss a few spring news items before digging into February's risers and fallers on draft boards as Wyatt Langfor...
New Pitches & A Case for Longer Starts
27 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss a few spring news items before looking at the early response to ABS in spring training games and several new pitches that...
2025 AL East Team Previews
26 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR finish their 2025 Team Previews Series in the AL East. Did the Yankees find an ample pivot in their offseason plans after Juan Soto left f...
2025 NL East Team Previews
25 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR continue their 2025 Team Previews Series in the NL East. Can the Phillies keep their place atop the division with a healthier Atlanta core...
Breakout Bats & Tough Hitter Rankings for 2025
24 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR discuss a few news-related takeaways from the first weekend of spring training action including the return of Sandy Alcantara, an oblique ...
Prospect Talk with Eric Longenhagen of FanGraphs
21 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR are joined by Eric Longenhagen of FanGraphs to discuss a thinning of the minor league cupboard in recent years, minor league data that is ...
Spring Things, Leveling Up with New Pitches & Platoon Considerations
20 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno, Trevor, and DVR discuss a few spring news items including ongoing shoulder woes for Rafael Devers, tennis elbow in both arms for Giancarlo Stanto...
2025 AL Central Team Previews
19 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Eno and DVR continue their 2025 Team Previews Series in the AL Central. Can the Guardians continue to avoid projected decline after flipping Josh Nayl...