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Short Wave

The Future Of Immune Health Might Be Here

12 Nov 2025

Transcription

Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?

0.031 - 19.677 Emily Kwong

Dean Regas here, astronomer and host of Looking Up. I journey to the far reaches of the universe, hearing from scientists, astronauts, and geeky celebs along the way. We cover everything from black holes to the latest in science fiction. Listen now to the Looking Up podcast from the NPR Network and Cincinnati Public Radio.

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20.878 - 30.41 Unknown

You're listening to Shortwave from NPR. David Ewing Duncan describes himself as the experimental man.

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30.43 - 38.321 David Ewing Duncan

25 years ago, I was one of the first humans to have my DNA sequenced for a story for Wired magazine.

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38.541 - 40.544 Unknown

David is a journalist and a science writer.

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41.065 - 49.155 David Ewing Duncan

And we almost didn't do the story. It seemed a bit gimmicky, but we did it, and it really resonated with people. And so I was kind of off and running.

49.516 - 63.833 Unknown

And he has made a career out of this, out of signing up for tests promising new insights into health and mortality. After sequencing his genome, he later tested his proteome, the protein circulating in his blood, then his microbiome, then his metabolome.

64.353 - 75.887 David Ewing Duncan

And I've got about, I don't know, at last count, about 70 terabytes of data on myself, which is an extraordinary amount of data. A lot of that is I got a lot of MRI scans, so that eats up a lot of bites.

75.867 - 79.514 Unknown

It is really a twist on the line in Hamlet, know thyself.

79.794 - 91.395 David Ewing Duncan

Yes. But in all these terabytes of data... Maybe 98% was not useful. But the 2%, this man, John Sang, is largely responsible for.

Chapter 2: What is the Immune Health Metric and why is it important?

118.426 - 134.671 David Ewing Duncan

It's probably the most important system in our bodies. It literally decides if we're going to be able to heal ourselves when we get an infection or a disease. It's health. Our lack of health is different than our actual biological age.

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134.972 - 142.864 Unknown

And as John reminded me, there's roughly 1.8 trillion of these little immune cells hanging out in your body right now, seeing what's good.

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142.979 - 155.317 John Tsang

And many of them are residing in different organs and tissues. Many of them also move around your entire body. They patrol and they try to check out different tissues and organs, and then they see what's going on.

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155.738 - 165.392 Unknown

To respond by, say, running up your body temperature to fight a cold, return your system to homeostasis, and to remember those threats for next time.

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165.608 - 176.16 John Tsang

It has to remember, have I seen the flu? Have I seen the COVID? Or have I seen a lot of inflammatory signals? So now in my next response, I may want to anticipate what's coming in.

176.54 - 190.536 Unknown

John's test, the immune health metric, requires a blood sample. So David gave his blood and after a ton of fancy calculations, got his score, the snapshot of his immune health. He was nervous about how he'd fare. And then he got the text from John.

190.897 - 193.86 David Ewing Duncan

So my score was 0.35.

194.009 - 195.471 Unknown

And how did you feel about that?

196.052 - 204.963 David Ewing Duncan

I honestly didn't know what to make of it. It's just a random number. And I had to get a lot of explanation before I really understood what that score meant.

Chapter 3: How has David Ewing Duncan's journey in health testing evolved?

210.59 - 239.921 Unknown

Can extremely personalized medicine unlock the secrets of how healthy you are and how long you may live? Plus, what David's score means. I'm Emily Kwong. You're listening to ShoreWave, a science podcast from NPR. This message comes from Wise, the app for international people using money around the globe. You can send, spend, and receive in up to 40 currencies with only a few simple taps.

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240.221 - 246.713 Unknown

Be smart. Get wise. Download the Wise app today or visit wise.com. T's and C's apply.

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248.009 - 268.177 Anita Rao

I'm Anita Rao, host of Embodied, your source for intimate conversations about sex, relationships, and health. Join me to meet people who will change the way you think about everything from disability to dating, and who will take you into their own lived experiences of how things like being a truck driver or dealing with chronic insomnia shape their identity and relationships.

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268.798 - 273.865 Anita Rao

Subscribe to the Embodied podcast from WUNC, part of the NPR Network.

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276.494 - 286.825 Unknown

All right, John and David, I want to start by talking about how doctors have historically assessed people's immune health in the past. Like, how is immune health measured, John?

287.286 - 300.601 John Tsang

They actually don't have a very good way to summarize overall how's your immune health. All we got typically, if your doctor orders it, it's what's called a CBC. It's a complete blood cell count.

300.621 - 304.125 Unknown

Complete blood cell count. I know the CBC is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

304.285 - 304.425

Mm-hmm.

305.148 - 306.37 John Tsang

That's right. I'm Canadian.

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