Since the war in Ukraine began, strange attacks have been happening across Europe, including a plot to set DHL packages on fire. WSJ’s Bojan Pancevski on Russia’s escalating shadow war in Europe. Further Reading: -Chinese Ship’s Crew Suspected of Deliberately Dragging Anchor for 100 Miles to Cut Baltic Cables -Russia Suspected of Plotting to Send Incendiary Devices on U.S.-Bound Planes -The Misfits Russia Is Recruiting to Spy on the West Further Listening: -Elon Musk’s Secret Conversations with Vladimir Putin -How Ukraine Built a Weapon to Control the Black Sea Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chapter 1: What conspiracy did Boyan Panczewski uncover?
Earlier this year, our colleague Bojan Panczewski met a source in a swanky hotel bar. The source worked for a European security agency.
Chapter 2: What alarming plot involves Russian attacks on airplanes?
So we were kind of exchanging notes on that and talking about other stuff. And then, you know, after a few cocktails, I just asked him, so what's keeping you busy now? And he was like, well, you know, among other things, this conspiracy to set airliners on fire.
The source told Boyan a story that sounded straight out of a spy novel. So Boyan and his Wall Street Journal colleagues began investigating it.
So we pieced the puzzle together and we found out that the Russians had come up with an ingenious way to smuggle undetectable incendiary devices and put them on airplanes.
That sounds terrifying.
Yeah, I've spoken to veteran intelligence operatives, police officers, politicians, historians, and this was not even happening at the height of the Cold War. Russia, or rather then the Soviet Union, wasn't attempting conspiracies that might end in kind of mass casualties of Western civilians.
This plot was alarming, and European intelligence agencies saw it as a big step up in Russian attacks in Europe, a violent conflict that has largely stayed hidden. Welcome to The Journal, our show about money, business, and power. I'm Kate Leinbaugh. It's Friday, December 13th. Coming up on the show, Russia's escalating shadow war in Europe.
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Before Boyan heard about the plot to set fires on airplanes, he'd been reporting on strange events happening across Europe.
One early incident was a fishing thrower in the Arctic Sea. It cut a vital internet cable.
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Chapter 3: How are civilians being recruited for espionage?
All of these disparate events, from infrastructure attacks to things that looked like mindless vandalism, Boyan's sources said they were connected.
Russia is suspected to be behind many of these attacks. In some cases, there is evidence. There is so-called signal intelligence quite often from Western intelligence services, predominantly American and British, that find kind of chatter in the ether that proves, and they have other evidence that are not obviously sharing with us.
Other cases are basically sort of looks like a duck, talks like a duck, but it's very difficult to obtain evidence that would hold in court.
Who is carrying out these attacks?
Quite often these people are sort of students. They are sometimes refugees in Poland. There was a group of Ukrainian refugees, actually Russian-speaking Ukrainian refugees, who were paid to put out cameras on the railway. And it turned out they were actually working for Russian intelligence and they were doing their bidding in a way that seemed very naive.
The cameras were used to spy on trains taking Western ammunition into Ukraine. One of the Ukrainian refugees who installed the cameras is a 22-year-old called Maxim Leha. He's now serving a six-year sentence in Poland on espionage charges. He said he did it because it was, quote, easy money. Boyan says the reason Russia is recruiting civilians goes back to its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
Europe responded to the war in Ukraine by essentially kicking out most, if not all, of the Russian spies that were operating on their territory.
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Chapter 4: What strategies does Russia use to create chaos in Europe?
Through his reporting, Boyan estimates that around 500 Russian spies were expelled from Europe.
And in one stroke, the Russians kind of lost that vital capacity that they've had. Once that happened, the Russians had to somehow supplement that lost capacity. And what they came up with was a very interesting and in the end, very, very efficient way of operating. They simply threw the kitchen sink at it. They started using civilians. They just used everyone they could get.
So what did your sources say about how Russia is recruiting people?
They use the Telegram channel quite a lot, but also other channels, other social media. And basically they offer them money. They wire them money, sometimes in Bitcoin. And the person doesn't really know who's at the other end.
What's the strategy? What's the goal?
Well, the head of the British intelligence service, the MI5, put it succinctly. He said the goal is to create mayhem on the streets of Europe and Britain. And I think that kind of sums it up. Create chaos in order to create panic, in order to create insecurity, in order to kind of
deter European governments in order to weaken the resolve to support Ukraine, and also in order to force countries like Britain, Germany, the Czech Republic, and so on, to deploy vast capacities of intelligence gathering, the police, the army, etc., into investigating these cases that happen in their waters or in their soil.
Do you have a sense of whether these attacks go all the way up to Vladimir Putin?
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Chapter 5: Is there evidence linking these attacks to the Kremlin?
What I've been told by multiple intelligence and security officials is that the broad brief has definitely been issued by the Kremlin, meaning it has been approved by Vladimir Putin.
When asked by the Wall Street Journal about various attacks, the Kremlin has denied involvement. In one case, it called the accusation absurd and unsubstantiated. European authorities have investigated these attacks and charged some of the individuals involved. But Boyan says the European public generally isn't aware of this shadow war.
Essentially, the authorities in countries like Germany, like the Czech Republic to an extent, the Nordic countries, they've come to the conclusion that if they do talk about it in public and if they do reveal to their respective populations that Russia is able to operate inside their countries, that this would kind of weaken the resolve, the popular resolve to support Ukraine.
And Ukraine receives from these European countries enormous financial support. political and military support.
But that stance shifted after a brazen attempt to start fires on airplanes. That's next. Following that tip, Boyan got at the hotel bar proved to be a challenging assignment. It would take months of reporting. He spoke with European investigators, watched security camera footage, and reviewed photographic evidence. This is what he found.
The incidents happened at two warehouses of the German shipping giant DHL. At those locations, packages are put in big crates to be sent on airplanes around the world. In July, at a DHL warehouse in Germany and one in the UK, packages destined for North America caught on fire. Boyan watched a video showing a forklift moving one of these crates.
First, it's a tiny little fire. The thing goes off. And then literally two seconds later, the entire thing is set alight, the entire forklift.
Both fires were contained. And Boyan learned that the devices that caused them were concealed in ordinary back massagers, the kind that are shaped like a little cushion for your lower back. But investigators found that these ones were stuffed with magnesium. What's significant about magnesium?
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Chapter 6: How do European authorities handle the shadow war?
Well, magnesium, that certain type of magnesium-based mixture burns at extreme high temperature. And also it cannot be extinguished with the firefighting systems that exist on commercial airliners. because magnesium can even burn underwater and it develops incredibly high temperatures.
It basically, it was used, if you remember these old documentaries by people like Jean-Jacques Cousteau, the great French marine explorer. Up until the 70s, I think divers were using magnesium flares even underwater when they were diving in the kind of dark waters. So it's extremely dangerous, extremely efficient.
Is there any way to detect these devices?
They're set alight in a way that's not traceable. So if you put that device, or at least at that time, had you put that device through a normal airport scanner, X-ray or whatever, it wouldn't have been recognized as any kind of incendiary device.
After these incendiary devices caught fire, a multinational investigation was launched in Europe.
German investigators recreated these devices with the components they found in a forensic lab, and they tested them in all imaginable scenarios. And they found that if an airliner was targeted and one of these devices would go off in the cargo and the airliner was flying over Europe, it would have time passed. probably to land, to do an emergency landing at the nearest airport.
But had this happened over the ocean, over the Atlantic Ocean, for example, then they wouldn't have time to land and the airplane would have been lost.
What did DHL say about your story?
They confirmed that it happened. They confirmed that they worked together with the relevant authorities to get to the bottom of it. And they confirmed that they've boosted their security protocols. DHL is a German company. The German government issued a detailed warning to DHL and companies like DHL to basically increase security because they are being targeted.
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Chapter 7: What support does Ukraine receive from European countries?
A Kremlin spokesperson told The Wall Street Journal that any claims of Russian involvement in the plot are unsubstantiated. Even though the plot failed, it's prompted a change in Europe. Before Boyan started investigating, European security officials weren't speaking out about it.
And some of them even admitted that, yes, we did cover it up. There was a brief to cover it up when we covered it up. So, you know, even in that kind of circle, in the security establishment, in the military, in the police to an extent, the intelligence community, there are a lot of people who think enough is enough and we shouldn't be kind of sweeping this under the carpet.
Now, some European authorities are becoming more vocal. The head of Poland's foreign intelligence agency said if the DHL plot had been successful, it would have represented a major escalation in Russia's shadow war. And in October, the head of the UK's MI5 spy agency talked about the threat of Russian-backed criminals.
The UK's leading role in supporting Ukraine means we loom large in the fevered imagination of Putin's regime. and we should expect to see continued acts of aggression here at home.
Poland is also becoming much, much more outspoken. They're very willing to attribute things to Russia. Germany is perhaps shifting. You know, I think this, to me, to my mind, means that the security establishment has had enough and is trying to kind of jolt people into awareness of what's happening and what are the stakes and what are the risks that we're all basically exposed to now.
And this DHL plot... feels like it's raising the stakes.
It's the most frightening, frightening incident or conspiracy that we've learned. And obviously the scary part is that we only learned about this because I had that late night meeting in a hotel bar, having cocktails with someone who knew about it. There might be other things like that out there that we don't know about.
What's next in this?
I think the assumption is, the fear is that it's just going to get worse because the level of aggression has been steadily rising in the past. It's almost three years now that the war in Ukraine has been going on.
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