TopMedTalk

Bio statisticians in clinical trials | TMT in PRATO

09 Dec 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece was recorded at the The 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. The discussion centers around the ro...

TopMedTalks to... Henrik Kehlet: The evolution and challenges of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) | #ANES24

02 Dec 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This important piece shines a light on the evolution and challenges of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). If you’ve never listened to TopMedTal...

Pediatric Hemodynamics | #ANES24

25 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk at The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024. We’re bringing you a series of podcasts...

Redefining Workforce and Leadership in Anesthesiology | #ANES24

22 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece addresses challenges in anesthesiology, workforce dynamics, leadership development, and operational efficiency. Flexible employment models,...

TopMedTalks to Mandy Spitzer | AANA 2024

21 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk recorded this piece at the annual meeting of the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology (AANA) in San Diego. With over 64,000 members...

Recruitment and training at NorthStar anesthesia | #ANES24

21 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk is on location at the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) annual meeting, Anesthesiology 2024. In this episode, we feature a brie...

Healthcare leadership with Professor Shelley Dolan | TMT Down Under

19 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This episode captures a blend of practical insights, high-level strategy, and the enduring need for empathy in healthcare leadership. We explore the i...

The Anesthesia Quality Institute (AQI) | #ANES24

18 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece focuses on the Anesthesia Quality Institute (AQI), founded in 2009 by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) to promote patient sa...

TopMedTalks to... Dru Riddle | AANA 2024

14 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk was in attendance at the annual meeting of the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology (AANA) in San Diego this year. With over 64,000...

Remote Patient Monitoring: reducing risk & improving patient outcomes | #ANES24

12 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk was at the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Annual General Meeting, Anesthesiology 2024. We’re bringing you a series of podcas...

Remote Patient Monitoring and wearables in pre/post-natal maternal care | #ANES24

11 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk was at The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024. We’re bringing you a series of podc...

'Swimming with the Sharks' Innovation Challenge | #ANES24

08 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Swimming with the Sharks Innovation Challenge, hosted by Dr. Barrett Larson and Dr. Sean Runnels, returns to Center Stage this year, providing entrepr...

The Anesthesia Toolbox | #ANES24

07 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The Anesthesia Toolbox supports learners and instructors with deep, peer-reviewed content in a variety of formats. Users can engage with the community...

Challenging the Big Insurance Companies | #ANES24

06 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk at Anesthesiology 2024 the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Here we delve into how anesthesiologists are ...

Opportunities In Army Anesthesiology | #ANES24

06 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk at Anesthesiology 2024 the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). This piece delves into the excellent work our...

TopMedTalks to Eduardo Robertis and Patricio Gonzalez-Pizarro | TMT at EA24

04 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk at Euroanesthesia 2024 in Munich; organised by the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). This episode highlights a...

Enhanced Recovery in practice | TMT Down Under

01 Nov 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The Australian ERAS+ Conference and 2024 World Congress of Prehabilitation and Perioperative Medicine is an essential event for practitioners around t...

The evolution of the Impella device in anesthesia, critical care, and perioperative medicine | #ANES24

28 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024. Exclusive cutting edge conversations recorded at the co...

Advancements in cardiac support devices | #ANES24

28 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Join TopMedTalk at Anesthesiology 2024 in Philadelphia, we’re bringing you exclusive conversations with the experts and thought leaders recorded liv...

ASA Presidents pass the baton | #ANES24

24 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk brings you exclusive, cutting-edge conversations from Anesthesiology 2024, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) annual general m...

Top 7 Ways to Drive Success for Independent Anesthesia Groups | #ANES24

23 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Join us at Anesthesiology 2024, The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting. We're gathering exclusive cutting edge conve...

Day 2 of Anesthesiology 2024 begins | #ANES24

20 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024. We're gathering exclusive cutting edge conversations re...

Video Laryngoscopy—The New Gold Standard | #ANES24

20 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk brings you exclusive, cutting-edge conversation from Anesthesiology 2024, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) annual general me...

Introducing Medtronic Acute Care and Monitoring | #ANES24

20 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024. Building on our reputation for exclusive cutting edge c...

Introduction to Anesthesiology | #ANES24

19 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk’s Co-editors in Chief, Desiree Chappell and Mike Grocott get proceedings underway with a conversation about this year’s Anesthesiology ...

Getting ready for the ASA | TopMedTalk

17 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is designed to get you in excited about the The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)'s annual general meeting; Anesthesiology 2024, ...

Hot Topics in Anaesthesia | TMT at Prato

14 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Recorded at the 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy this piece is a conversation about the current hot topic...

Monitoring Patient Safety | TopMedTalk

10 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Patient safety and patient monitoring seem to go hand in hand, in the wake of the lockdowns, COVID-19 and the AI revolution we now have a new world of...

An Update On The Perioperative Quality Initiative | EBPOM24

07 Oct 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM)'s annual global conference in London was a huge success this year. TopMedTalk were there and this is one...

TopMedTalks to... Michel Struys Scientific Committee Chair for ESAIC | TMT at EA24

30 Sep 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Euroanaesthesia, one of the most important and influential annual congresses in anaesthesiology and intensive care. This year, TopMedTalk was there i...

Leaders and mentors in perioperative medicine | EA24

23 Sep 2024

Contributed by Lukas

More from this year’s coverage of the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). This piece focuses on perioperative and intensi...

The importance of intraoperative hypotension | AANA 2024

16 Sep 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Recorded at the recent American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology meeting this piece focuses upon the importance of addressing intraoperative hypote...

Navigating the business of Anesthesiology | AANA2024

09 Sep 2024

Contributed by Lukas

TopMedTalk broadcasted from the annual meeting of the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology in San Diego. This wide-ranging conversation explor...

Cardiovascular risk evaluation for non-cardiac surgery, guidelines | EBPOM 24

02 Sep 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Guideline evolution is driven by ongoing research; recent studies like PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation-3 Trial (POISE-3) and trials such as OPtimisa...

TopMedTalk talks to Sam Azijian | TMT at EA24

26 Aug 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Euroanaesthesia is one of the most important and influential annual congresses in anaesthesiology and intensive care. This year, TopMedTalk was there...

Perioperative medicine in focus | EBPOM 24

19 Aug 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This episode underscores the evolution of perioperative medicine, the importance of innovation, teamwork, and data. The conversation reflects on past ...

Is Trauma Informed Care part of your perioperative process? | TopMedTalk

12 Aug 2024

Contributed by Lukas

In this piece our guest shares her journey from general anesthesiology to focusing exclusively on obstetrics, driven by her training as a sexual assau...

Talks to... Bruce Biccard | Prato 2024

05 Aug 2024

Contributed by Lukas

More from our coverage of the 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. The South African Perioperative Research ...

The Protect Platform trial | Prato 2024

29 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

More from our coverage of the 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. This piece discusses trials in the wake o...

The DanGer Shock Trail | EBPOM World Congress 2024

26 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece looks at the DanGer Shock Trial which examines the efficacy of the Impella device in reducing mortality in patients with acute myocardial i...

Innovation and leadership in anaesthesia | Euroanesthesia 2024

22 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This year TopMedTalk were at Euroanesthesia 2024, Munich, Germany. In this piece we discuss anesthesia leadership, sustainability in healthcare, and i...

TRACTION trial and the B-Free trial in focus | Prato 2024

15 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This conversation was recorded at The 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. This piece focuses upon the TRACT...

Equity, decolonisation and medical research | Prato 2024

08 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

The team bring us more interviews from The 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. This piece focuses upon the ...

How do we intelligently use artificial intelligence? | EBPOM World Congress 2024

04 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM)'s incredible World Congress in London continues and TopMedTalk is there bringing you exclusive interview...

Poster Presentations | EBPOM World Congres 2024

04 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Evidence-Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM)'s World Congress in London is an vital point in the perioperative calendar. This year was no exception. ...

High-Intensity Interval Training and the future of experimental medicine | EBPOM World Congress 2024

04 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Recorded exclusively at this year’s Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM) World Congress in London this piece looks in detail at High-Intens...

Shared decision making | EBPOM World Congress 2024

03 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This conversation gets our coverage of the Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine, World Congress, (EBPOM) 2024 off to a great start. Shared decision m...

EBPOM World Congress Begins | EBPOM World Congress 2024

03 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM) is at the heart of what we do and their annual world conference in London always delivers.  TopMedTalk,...

The British Journal of Anaesthesia | Euroanaesthesia 2024

01 Jul 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is part of our coverage of Euroanaesthesia, one of the most important and influential annual congresses in anaesthesiology and intensive c...

Perioperative patient safety and post-operative ward monitoring | TopMedTalk General

24 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Perioperative patient safety and post-operative ward monitoring is an important topic. Could continuous monitoring potentially improve patient outcome...

TopMedTalks to... Jonathan Tan | IARS 2024

17 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is part of our coverage of The International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) annual meeting. Here our guest discusses his dual roles in ...

ROCKet Trial and PANDOS | Euroanaesthesia 2024

12 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Euroanaesthesia is organised by The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). This year, TopMedTalk was there in Munich, Germany, bringing ...

The role of scientific journals in 2024 | Prato 2024

11 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Welcome to a conversation we recorded at The 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference, Prato, Italy. What is the role of a jour...

TopMedTalks to... Ruthi Landau | SOAP 2024

10 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) continues. Developing clinical guidelines, fostering education, and condu...

The Effect of Perioperative Music on Medication Requirement and Hospital Length of Stay | Euroanaesthesia 2024

07 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

“We are seriously scientifically evidence-based looking for solutions on the non-pharmacological side and music has turned out to be one of them” ...

Patient monitoring and beyond | TopMedTalk General

05 Jun 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Patient monitoring has made some significant strides forward over the last decade. Nowadays most people are familiar with the idea. Where are we now w...

AI's unique hemodynamic insights - HPI in focus | TopMedTalk General

31 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece focuses upon the Hypotension Predictive Index (HPI) technology. We look at the validation process of HPI, addressing criticisms and clarify...

Welcome to the 7th Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Conference | Prato 2024

29 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

It’s one of our busiest times of the year. This piece is the first of a series from The 7th Collaborative Clinical Trials in Anaesthesiology Confere...

Hemodynamics, intraoperative hypotension and its implications | IARS 2024

29 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is part of our coverage of The International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) annual meeting. This wide ranging conversation tackles hemo...

Anesthesia and Analgesia's new Editor-in-Chief | IARS 2024

29 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is part of our coverage of The International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) annual meeting. Hear us discuss the prestigious journal "An...

Post operative delirium | Euroanaesthesia 2024

27 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Euroanaesthesia is recognised worldwide as one of the most important and influential annual congresses in anaesthesiology and intensive care. This ye...

Respiratory Prehabilitation | EBPOM World Congress 2023

27 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This talk “Respiratory Prehabilitation” was originally given at The World Congress of Prehabilitation in London by Linda Denehy, Head of the Melbo...

Welcome to Euroanaesthesia | Euroanaesthesia 2024

26 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Euroanaesthesia is recognised worldwide as one of the most important and influential annual congresses in anaesthesiology and intensive care. With a ...

Artificial intelligence in perioperative medicine | IARS 2024

23 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This piece is part of our coverage of The International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) annual meeting. What exactly is artificial intelligence (AI...

TopMedTalks to... Mark Zakowski | SOAP 2024

23 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) continues with this essential piece. What is being done in the field of p...

Maternal Fetal Anaesthesia | SOAP 2024

20 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

More of our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP). This piece discusses maternal fetal anesthesia, fetal surgery, t...

Obstetric Anesthesia | SOAP 2024

20 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Part of our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) meeting, this piece looks at the excitement and challenges of obs...

The Changing Landscape of Anesthesia and Healthcare | SOAP 2024

20 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Part of our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP). How have healthcare projects evolved? Where are we with safety a...

Cardiac Prehabilitation Trial | EBPOM World Congress 2023

20 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This talk “Cardiac Prehabilitation Trial” was originally given at The World Congress of Prehabilitation in London by Enoch Akowuah, Chair of cardi...

The priority: Patient Safety | TopMedTalk General

16 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Desiree Chappell hosts Dr. Steven Greenberg, Vice Chair of research and education at the anesthesia department, Endeavor Health, Chicago and Vice Pres...

Prehabilitation in aneurysm surgery | EBPOM World Congress 2023

13 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This talk, “Prehabilitation in aneurysm surgery”, was originally presented at the World Congress of Prehabilitation in London. It is part of a ser...

TopMedTalk Down Under - that's a wrap! | ANZCA 2024

10 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" presents more 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain ...

Delirium | ANZCA 2024

10 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" presents more 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain ...

TopMedTalks to... Pervez Sultan | SOAP 2024

09 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) continues. This conversation highlights the importance of r...

Perioperative care improves maternal outcomes | SOAP 2024

09 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) brings a conversation about the importance of perioperative care to impro...

The new President of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Dean of the Faculty of Pain Medicine | ANZCA 2024

07 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Paediatric Trials | ANZCA 2024

07 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Anaesthesia training in Mongolia | ANZCA 2024

07 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Publishing online and in print | ANZCA 2024

07 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

TopMedTalk down under - day 3 begins | ANZCA 2024

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Me...

Advancements in technology; monitoring and managing hemodynamic parameters during childbirth | SOAP 2024

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) conference continues. This piece focuses upon advancements ...

Obstetric anaesthesia | SOAP 2024

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) continues. Here we get into a conversation about the ever d...

Screening and Assessment for Prehabilitation - panel discussion | EBPOM World Congress 2023

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This panel discussion covers ground discussed in the preceding talks released recently on TopMedTalk and linked to below. Screening and assessment for...

Global Health | ANZCA 2024

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Continuing professional development | ANZCA 2024

06 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Are you ready for a leadership position in healthcare? | #ASM24BRIS

05 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

Oxygen and Altitude | #ASM24BRIS

05 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

TopMedTalk Down Under Day 2 Begins | #ASM24BRIS

05 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain Medi...

#Breaking Trials on TopMedTalk down under | #ASM24BRIS

05 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues our 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain ...

Sustainability in healthcare | #ASM24BRIS

05 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues our 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain ...

Pain medicine, cannabis, ketamine and psilocybin in focus | #ASM24BRIS

04 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" continues our 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Faculty of Pain ...

TopMedTalk Down Under talks to... Chris Cokis and Kieran Davis | #ASM24BRIS

04 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" is proud to present our 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Facult...

Conversation with The President and Vice President | SOAP 2024

04 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) continues with a conversation about what SOAP does and why ...

TopMedTalks to... Barbara Orlando | SOAP 2024

04 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) conference continues. What is the importance of data and ou...

TopMedTalk Down Under - exclusive coverage of the ANZCA meeting | #ASM24BRIS

03 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

"TopMedTalk Down Under" is proud to present our 'as live' coverage of the 2024 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and Facult...

Trauma informed care in obstetrics | SOAP 2024

03 May 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Our ‘as live’ coverage of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) conference gets off to a compelling start with a conversati...

Controversies and Standardisation in Prehabilitation | World Congress of Prehabilitation

29 Apr 2024

Contributed by Lukas

A panel discussion chaired by Denny Levett, Professor in Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care at the University of Southampton and a Consultant in...

Exercise Screening and assessment tools for prehab | World Congress of Prehabilitation

22 Apr 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This talk “Exercise Screening and assessment tools for prehab” was originally given at the World Congress of Prehabilitation Medicine in London. F...

Nutritional screening and assessment tools for prehab | World Congress of Prehabilitation

15 Apr 2024

Contributed by Lukas

This talk “Nutritional screening and assessment tools for prehab” was originally given at the World Congress of Prehabilitation Medicine in London...

The importance of independent investigators with Medtronic | TopMedTalk

11 Apr 2024

Contributed by Lukas

Medtronic’s External Research Program is open to all investigators who are interested in applying for support of their independently developed resea...