Awgrymwn yn y bennod hon ei bod hi’n bosib darllen yr Ail Gainc fel beirniadaeth gymdeithasol radicalaidd. Ar ddechrau Chwedl Branwen ferch Llŷr daw Matholwch, Brenin Iwerddon, i ‘erchi’ Branwen, gan feddwl y bydd y briodas frenhinol yn sylfaen i gynghrair gwleidyddol a all wneud y ddwy ynys yn ‘gadarnach’. Ond yn hytrach na heddwch a chynnydd, mae uniad Branwen a Matholwch yn esgor ar ryfel apocalyptaidd sy’n lladd y rhan fwyaf o boblogaeth Iwerddon a’r rhan fwyaf o’r fyddin fawr sy’n croesi’r môr i’w hachub. Tybed felly a oedd awdur y testun hwn yn ceisio awgrymu na ddylid defnyddio benywod fel nwyddau i’w ffeirio a bod perygl mewn priodas ddynastig? Agwedd hynod arall ar y gwaith llenyddol rhyfeddol hwn yw’r modd y gwelwn ddau fyd ar yr un pryd, gyda brawd Branwen, Bendigeidfran, ‘yn frenin coronog ar yr ynys hon’ – a ddisgrifir fel ‘Ynys y Cedyrn’ – ac hefyd yn arglwydd Cymreig a’i lys yn Harlech. Mae’r naill yn mynd â ni’n ôl i oes aur chwedlonol cyn i genhedloedd eraill ddod i gipio’r Ynys oddi ar hynafiaid y Cymry, ac mae’r llall yn gadael i ni ddarllen y stori mewn cyd-destun Cymreig mwy uniongyrchol. Awgrymwn hefyd fod diwedd y gainc hon yn ymdriniaeth lenyddol â PTSD milwyr sydd wedi dioddef mewn rhyfel. // We suggest in this episode that it’s possible to read the Second Branch of the Mabinogi as radical social criticism. At the start of the tale of Branwen Daughter of Llŷr, the king of Ireland, Matholwch, comes to seek Branwen’s hand, thinking that the royal marriage will be the basis for a political alliance which can make both islands stronger. But instead of peace and prosperity, the union of Branwen and Matholwch ends up leading to an apocalyptical war which kills most of Ireland’s population and most of the soldiers in the great army which crosses the sea to save her. Is this text’s author trying to suggest that women shouldn’t be traded like goods and that dynastic marriages are full of danger? Another remarkable aspect of this wonderful literary work is the way in which we see two worlds at once, with Branwen’s brother, Bendigeidfran, both as ‘crowned king of this island’ – described as ‘The Island of the Mighty’ – and as a Welsh lord with his court in Harlech. One takes us back to the legendary golden age before other nations took the Island from the ancestors of the Welsh, and the other allows us to read this story in a more direct Welsh context. We also suggest that the end of this branch is a literary treatment of the PTSD suffered by soldiers in the wake of war. Cyflwynwyd gan: Yr Athro Jerry Hunter a'r Athro Richard Wyn Jones Cynhyrchwyd gan: Richard Martin Cerddoriaeth: Might Have Done gan The Molenes Dilynwch ni ar Trydar: http://www.twitter.com/YrHenIaith Tanysgrifwch yn eich hoff ap podlediadau neu ar YouTube i derbyn y pennod nesaf ar cyhoeddiad. Darllen pellach: - Dafydd Ifans a Rhiannon Ifans, Y Mabinogion[:] Diweddariad (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1980) Further Reading: - Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (translators), The Mabinogion (revised edition, London, 1993) - Patrick K. Ford, The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales (new edition, 2008) - Sioned Davies (translator), The Mabinogion (Oxford: OUP, 2008)
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