Misschien moet ik eens ophouden met die "click bait" titels, nietwaar? Maar hoe dat ook zij, een recente waarneming schudt ons begrip van de evolutie van het heelal weer eens flink door de war. Voor wie denkt dat astronomen daar ongelukkig van worden: integendeel! "Inching forward, ever so slowly" is wat wetenschap is.Cosmic Reionization:https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2020/37/4697-ImageWitnessing the onset of reionization through Lyman-α emission at redshift 13:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08779-5Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts z>10:https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2212/2212.04480.pdf# Plot z versus leeftijd van het heelal.import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom astropy.cosmology import Planck18from matplotlib.ticker import ScalarFormatter# Array of redshift valuesz_values = np.logspace(-2, 4, 1000) # From z=0.01 to z=10,000# Calculate the age of the universe at each redshiftage_values = [Planck18.age(z).value for z in z_values]plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))plt.plot(z_values, age_values, 'b-', linewidth=2)plt.xscale('log')plt.xlabel('Redshift (z)', fontsize=12)plt.ylabel('Leeftijd van het heelal (Gyr)', fontsize=12)plt.title('Leeftijd van het heelal als een functie van redshift (z)', fontsize=14)plt.grid(True, which="both", ls="-", alpha=0.2)plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(ScalarFormatter())# Mark some important redshiftsimportant_z = [0, 1, 5, 10, 100, 1000]important_ages = [Planck18.age(z).value if z > 0 else Planck18.age(0.001).value for z in important_z]# Annotate the current age of the universe (z=0)plt.scatter([0.01], [Planck18.age(0.01).value], color='red', s=50, zorder=5)plt.annotate(f'Vandaag: {Planck18.age(0).value:.1f} Gyr', xy=(0.01, Planck18.age(0.01).value), xytext=(0.02, Planck18.age(0.01).value - 1), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'))# Some other interesting cosmic epochsplt.scatter([7.5], [Planck18.age(7.5).value], color='green', s=50, zorder=5)plt.annotate('Eerste sterrenstelsels (~z=7-10)', xy=(7.5, Planck18.age(7.5).value), xytext=(10, Planck18.age(7.5).value + 0.5), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'))plt.scatter([1100], [Planck18.age(1100).value], color='orange', s=50, zorder=5)plt.annotate('CMB (~z=1100)', xy=(1100, Planck18.age(1100).value), xytext=(500, Planck18.age(1100).value + 0.1), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'))# Show the plot with tight layoutplt.tight_layout()plt.show()# Print a table!print("Redshift (z) | Leeftijd van het heelal (Gyr)")print("-------------------------------")for z in [0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000, 1100]: age = Planck18.age(z).value print(f"{z:11.1f} | {age:6.3f}")De Zimmerman en Space podcast is gelicenseerd onder een Creative Commons CC0 1.0 licentie.http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0
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