Antibiotics versus no therapy in kidney transplant recipients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (BiRT): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomized, controlled trialCitationClinical Microbiology and Infection, 2021; 27(3): 398–405概要フランスとベルギーの13施設で、腎移植後2か月以上経過した成人無症候性細菌尿(ASB)患者199例を、抗菌薬投与群(n=100)と非投与群(n=99)に1:1で無作為化。主要評価項目は12か月以内の有症状尿路感染症(UTI)の発症率。結果有症状UTI発症率:抗菌薬群27%、非投与群31%(HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.50–1.40, p=0.49)で有意差なし。腎盂腎炎発症率も差なし(17% vs 16%)。抗菌薬使用日数中央値は抗菌薬群30日(IQR 20–41)、非投与群6日(IQR 0–15)で約5倍の差。抗菌薬群では次回の細菌尿が耐性菌による割合が高かった(18% vs 4%, p=0.003)。結論無症候性細菌尿に対するスクリーニング&治療戦略は、有症状UTIの予防効果を示さず、抗菌薬使用量増加と耐性菌出現を助長した。腎移植後2か月以降のASBに対しては routine の抗菌薬投与を推奨しない。
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